In the US, a person can be subject to federal, state, and city laws simultaneously. Federal convictions result from successful prosecution of federal crimes, and are handled by federal courts. State courts cannot convict for federal crimes, but attorneys can defend against them. Federal convictions can be appealed in the United States Court of Appeals, and have serious consequences beyond court orders.
In the United States (USA), a person can be subject to multiple jurisdictions at the same time. For example, a person who is located in Los Angeles may be subject to laws made by the federal government, laws made by the state of California, and laws made by the city of Los Angeles. If a person breaks any of these laws, he can be charged and convicted. A federal conviction, however, only results from the successful prosecution of a federal crime.
In general, federal laws affect all jurisdictions. This means that a federal crime in Michigan will also be a federal crime in Texas and Nevada. Examples of federal crimes include kidnapping and hate crimes. When a person is charged with a federal crime, their case will be handled by the federal justice system.
A federal conviction results from a successful case that takes place in federal court. Federal cases are not heard in state courts. State courts do not have the power or jurisdiction to convict a person of violating a federal law. Every state has at least one federal district court where federal crime trials are held.
The judges who deliver sentences in these courts are federal employees. State and federal courts do not share judges. It may be possible, however, for an attorney hearing cases in state court to also defend a person against a federal conviction.
The procedure in federal courts is similar to that in state courts. Before a person can receive a federal conviction, she must be notified of the charges against him and must have the opportunity to defend himself in a trial. A federal conviction results when, at the end of the trial, a person is found guilty.
Federal convictions are not always absolute. A convicted person may have the opportunity to take his case to the United States Court of Appeals, where he can appeal the decision. A state court, including the supreme court, has no authority to hear an appeal of a federal conviction or to overturn it.
Individuals with federal convictions face federal consequences. If these people are sentenced to prison, they will serve out their sentences in federal prisons. They may, however, be detained in state facilities before or during trials. If these people are ordered to pay fines and court costs, the money is paid to federal authorities.
A federal conviction is usually serious. It can have many other consequences than those ordered by the court. For example, a person may be barred from certain types of work. He may also lose the ability to obtain certain types of social assistance.
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