The flat cap, also known as the scally cap or Tudor bonnet, is a casual hat for men dating back to the 14th century. It is made of materials such as tweed, wool, cotton, leather, and suede and is often worn as a fashion statement by both genders. The cap is lower and more restrictive than a newsboy cap, and historically, it was worn by the working class. Today, it is associated with both wealthy rural areas and the London working class, and is worn by a variety of people, including high-fashion female models, hip-hop gurus, and blue-collar men.
The flat cap is a hat commonly used with other epithets, including “scally cap”, “driving cap”, and “Tudor bonnet”. A flat cap is curved with a narrow, stiff bill that forms a right or downward angle. It is traditionally a casual cap for men, with a history dating back to the 14th century. In modern times, flat caps are worn by both genders as fashion statements.
The most popular fabric used in the construction of a flat top is tweed, as it is considered a casual material. Wool is also often used, particularly in the cooler months. Flat caps used for golf or seasonal leisure are often made of a more breathable material, such as cotton. Such caps also come in leather and suede, although it is less common, both historically and traditionally. Flat tops may or may not be lined; if so, it is often with a silk-like material.
Comparable to, and often confused with, a newsboy cap, the bill for the flat cap is lower than a traditional newsboy cap. Flat tops are also more restrictive to the head. They also don’t puff up or stick out on top of your head like a newsboy cap does. However, the back of a flat top is significantly higher than the front.
Historically, this wedge-shaped cap has been worn in casual or daytime situations, predominantly by the working class. In 1571, the British Parliament passed a law requiring all men and boys over the age of 6, except nobles and clergy, to wear wool caps on all holidays and Sundays. The law was a method of increasing the wool trade. Men who did not comply were fined.
Although the law was abolished in 1597, men continued to wear the caps. They were functional, after all, providing shade and a finished element to men’s clothing. As European immigrants began to settle in the United States, the flat cap also became an American fashion.
Flat tops are mostly associated with British citizens. In modern times, Charles, Prince of Wales is often seen wearing a flat cap in wealthy rural areas. In contrast, the London working class is also often depicted wearing flat caps.
In 20th and 21st century America, flat caps are worn by high-fashion female models, hip-hop gurus, and blue-collar men alike. They come in subdued and bold designs, appealing to the younger masses. The flat top is also often associated with elderly gentlemen.
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