A floodplain is a flat area of land next to a river that floods when the river overflows. Flood maps show the risk of damage to buildings and land, and can help manage areas during floods. Floodplains can be inhabited by wildlife and are often fertile. The boundaries of a floodplain can change due to development, erosion, and natural disasters. Some groups advocate for protecting floodplains and relocating human settlements.
A floodplain, also written as two separate words “floodplain,” is a large area of flat land extending from a river. Typically, when a river exceeds the capacity in which it can hold its water, the water will flow onto the adjacent flat land, causing it to flood. The increase in water can be due, for example, to heavy rains or melting snow. The floodplain is usually crossed by a current, similar to the current of the river, called an alluvial channel. It will also have a marginal area free from a current.
It is not unusual for homes or commercial buildings to be located on a flood plain. As a result, there are flood maps that show the likelihood of a building or piece of land being damaged by floodwaters. In addition, flood maps help local government organizations manage areas in case of floods. Maps can also be used to prevent damage by moving a particular group of buildings, installing dams or levees, and warning people of the risk of flooding.
While many floodplains are high risk areas, others are less affected. As a result, flood maps can help people determine whether or not they want to live or operate a business in a floodplain. The risk level of an area also influences the cost of flood insurance, should a flood cause damage to a building and the materials within it.
Interestingly, the boundaries of a floodplain can change. Causes of change include land development, such as a dam, levee, bridge, or even the construction of new buildings. Erosion, changes in weather pattern, and even an earthquake can also change the size, shape, and boundaries of a floodplain.
A floodplain is often inhabited by a variety of wildlife. Because the soil is usually very fertile, the plants often grow well. Riverine animals, such as beavers and otters, might also make their homes in lowland areas. In most cases, a variety of birds nest in the wetlands on the inner edges of the floodplains, making these areas popular destinations for bird watchers. Some environmental groups have begun to encourage the protection of floodplains, arguing that these areas should not be populated by humans, but only by native birds, plants and animals. In fact, some groups have pushed for the relocation of entire villages, including hundreds of homes and businesses.
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