The term “sail” on a sailing ship can refer to various types of sails, with the most common being the sail set on the forward-most mast. The names of the masts vary depending on their size, and not all sails set on the forward mast are called sails. On a fore-aft rigged sailboat, the headsail is a fore-aft sail, and a fore and aft sail forward of the masts is sometimes called preair.
On a sailing ship, the term “sail” can refer to several different types of sail. It is most commonly used to refer to one of the sails set on the forward-most mast, called the mast. The term can also refer to the sails set forward of this mast, although this usage is less common.
Not all sailboats have hairiness, in many cases because they do not have masts. On any vessel with three or more masts, the leading mast is called the leading mast. However, on two-masted vessels, the names of the masts vary depending on which of the two is larger. Therefore, the mainmast can be the mainmast if it is higher than the aftmast; in this case, the second neck is called the mizzen neck. If the farthest mast is taller, then it is the leading mast and the mast ahead is a mast.
Also, not every sail set on the forward mast is a sail. On a square-rigged sailing ship, that is, one in which the sails are set on masts at right angles to the keel line, only the lowest sail on the fore-mast is called a sail. The candles above have their own names. The next candle is the front candle, with the upper candle of the topgallant above that. Above these sails, which can be further divided into top and bottom sails and topgallant sails, are real sails and skysails.
On a fore-aft rigged sailboat, the headsail is a fore-aft sail. A fore-and-aft sail is set with its lower edge, or foot, on a mast that runs along or at a slight angle to the keel line, pointing toward the bow of the ship. Usually there is not more than one candle placed on it; This is called a foretopsail.
In addition to these two common definitions, a fore and aft sail forward of the masts is sometimes called preair. Sails of this type are set on poles, lines running from the masts to the bow of the ship or bowsprit, and are therefore known as standing sails. The most common names for sailing battens arranged forward of the mast are head or jib sails. They are rarely called foresails, to avoid confusion with sails set to the fore-mast rather than stays. Many sailboats fit more than one jib; in some the furthest jib is known as the foresail or fore-mast sail.
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