Forging is a process used to create identical metal parts. It changes the shape and size, but not the volume, of the part. Different machines, such as hydraulic and mechanical presses, are used to apply force to the metal and create the desired shape.
Forging is a process used to form metal into large quantities of identical parts. It is often used in the automobile manufacturing process and to improve the properties of the metal used. Products made by forging can be large or very small and can be made of steel or any other metal. Forging changes the shape and size, but not the volume, of a part.
In the forging process, a force is applied to the metal so that it stretches beyond its yield point. The force used in forging must be strong enough to change the material, but not so strong that it breaks. When the material takes on a new shape this is called the yield point and when it breaks, this is called the fracture point.
There are many different machines used in the forging process. A forging press is used to form automobile wheels, bushings, gears and other parts. It uses hydraulic pressure to exert enough force to press steel or other metal into the required shape. The press can be positioned both vertically and horizontally.
A mechanical forging press can also be used in forging. This device stores energy in a motorized flywheel. This energy drives a ram through another mechanical device, most often a crank. The piston is significantly lighter than the hammer used in other applications.
The piston used in a mechanical forging press is slower than a hammer and manipulates the metal by crushing it. Mechanical forging presses can have a force of up to 12,000 tons. While the device is massive, it cannot forge pieces as complicated or as large as hammers can.
Another form of this equipment is the hydraulic stamping press. These presses use high pressure fluid and are slower than hammers by a factor of about 100. The hydraulic forging press is used for complex forging. Presses with a force of 50,000 tons are used for forging large aircraft parts. There are also larger hydraulic presses with a force of 78,000 tons available in parts of Europe.
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