Fume purifiers remove dangerous gases and pollutants from the air in industrial or scientific settings, complying with government regulations. Wet and dry scrubbers are common types, but waste disposal remains an issue.
A fume purifier is a device that has the purpose of removing dangerous gases, fumes and other air pollutants from the air. They are commonly used in industrial or scientific settings to remove by-products of industrial or scientific processes that can be harmful to people or the environment. Many governments strictly regulate the amount of pollutants that industrial and scientific groups can release into the air. A fume purifier is one way to manage the release of harmful substances into the air and comply with government-mandated regulations. The gas released from the scrubber can be tested to determine whether or not a sufficient degree of purity has been achieved.
There are two types of fume scrubbers in common use: wet scrubbers and dry scrubbers. Wet scrubbers use a liquid scrubbing solution to collect hazardous particles from industrial or scientific gaseous by-products. Hazardous gas can be sprayed or forced through the liquid. When the particles come into contact with the liquid, they leave the air and remain in the liquid, thus purifying the air. The somewhat purified gas is then often released through a smokestack, hopefully free of most contaminants that could harm people or the environment.
In the case of a dry fume scrubber, little or no liquid is used in the scrubbing process. In general, a dry scrubber is only used to remove acid gases from the air. In a dry scrubber, a reactive sorbent gas is added to the acid gas; this reacts and neutralizes the dangerous acid gas. In some cases, this process forms solid salts that are easily removed; in other cases, the dry scrubber must contain a mechanism to remove residual gas. In general, purely dry cleaning methods are not entirely effective, so hybrid and part-dry systems are often used to achieve higher purity.
In most cases, a fume scrubber is unable to convert the hazardous gas into a safer form, so waste disposal is still an issue. Waste is usually still present in liquid or solid form after the washing process and typically there are many regulations dictating exactly how to dispose of waste material. In some rare cases, fume abatement products can actually be put to use, but this is by no means common. Ideally, the remaining product can simply be moved to a general waste disposal facility. In many cases, however, further processing or specialized long-term containment is required.
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