Gas forges are used in metalworking to heat metals for various tasks. They provide even, controlled heat and can be bought or custom-built. Safety precautions include protective clothing and limiting access to the area.
A gas forge is a metalworking forge heated with gas, often propane, although other gases may be used. Gas forges provide even, constant, controlled heat for blacksmithing tasks ranging from shoeing horses to crafting custom tools. A number of companies produce them together with accessories. It is also possible to build a custom forge, often with cheap materials. Instructions for building forges can be found through blacksmith organizations and DIY publications.
Forges create a hot environment to raise the temperature of metals to make them workable. The forge includes a partially enclosed chamber to allow for heat buildup, with openings for ventilation and access. The metalworker places the items in the forge, allows them to heat to the desired temperature, and removes them to work. A piece may need to be reheated several times while working on it, as the metal will cool quickly in the open air, and the smith also needs to temper the metal appropriately.
In a gas forge, the gas jets are the heat source. The operator can adjust them to achieve the desired level of heat and can also control the environment with fans and bellows. Metalworkers judge the heat of their metals by their appearance and experience; the more experienced a metalworker, the easier it is to judge whether a piece is still workable, based on previous pieces. Tools such as tongs, hammers, and anvils allow the operator to handle extremely hot metals with little risk of injury.
The size of a gas forge can vary. Farriers carry portable forges in their trucks or vans, for example, to enable them to shoe horses on site. An industrial gas forge can be much larger. The larger the forge, the more energy is required to heat it. As a result, companies are careful to select a size that is appropriate for their needs. The forge must be carefully designed to facilitate proper airflow through the device.
There are safety issues around a gas forge, including the risk of burns from sparks or direct contact with heated metal. Blacksmiths typically wear warm clothing and protective aprons made from fire resistant materials. Some may wear goggles for eye protection and gloves are used to protect the hands. In a common workshop or factory, there may be policies on activities around forges, such as allowing only necessary personnel into the area when the forges are on, to reduce the risk of injury.
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