Geoscientists conduct field and laboratory research to study Earth’s processes and phenomena. They specialize in various areas of geology and geophysics, and work for universities, private research labs, oil companies, government agencies, or non-profit organizations. They survey land and sea floors, study fossils, and analyze rock samples. A master’s degree is typically required, and some states and employers require licensing exams.
A geoscientist conducts extensive field and laboratory research to learn about the various processes and phenomena that occur on and within Earth. He or she may specialize in many different areas of geology and geophysics. A geoscientist may examine rocks, sediments or fossils from a given area or study the geological nature of volcanoes, glaciers, oceans and other unique physical features. Many professionals conduct extensive research into the natural forces and processes that shape the Earth. Geoscientists can work for universities, private research laboratories, oil companies, engineering companies, government agencies, or non-profit environmental organizations.
Research geoscientists often spend a lot of time in the field, making observations and collecting samples of minerals and sediments for laboratory analysis. Geophysicists often employ specialized field equipment to predict and measure the amount of magnetism or seismic activity in an area. Geochemistry experts analyze the chemical content of rock samples to determine the presence of certain unnatural elements or pollutants. Scientists known as stratigraphers study rock layers to determine the age, structure, and changes of the earth itself. Paleontologists specialize in collecting and studying fossil remains, which reveal facts about Earth’s past evolution and environment.
A professional geoscientist may be responsible for surveying the land or sea floor to determine its structure and content. Engineering geologists, for example, survey potential construction sites to confirm their stability. Petroleum geologists try to identify the location of crude oil reserves for future drilling. Oceanographers track ocean tides, sediment deposits, and seafloor spreading to learn about their causes and effects.
Many experts work for government agencies and non-profit organizations, promoting conservation and education efforts. A geoscientist can research the effects of global warming, weathering and human activity in a given area and work to protect against further damage. He or she may be actively involved in cleanup efforts, give speeches and seminars on the importance of conservation, or publish articles and books on the subject.
To become a geoscientist in any specialty, a person typically must possess at least a master’s degree. Many employers prefer to hire people with doctorates in specific subfields of geology or geophysics. Most new scientists take up fellowships after graduation, where they gain first-hand knowledge of different research techniques by working with experienced professionals. After a period of one to two years, a scientist may be allowed to begin independent research. Some states, countries, and employers require geoscientists to pass licensing exams if they are involved in engineering and architectural geology.
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