A gum abscess is a serious bacterial infection that can lead to life-threatening conditions if left untreated. It can be caused by bacteria entering the tooth or trauma to the affected area. Symptoms include tooth sensitivity, swelling, and discomfort. Treatment involves draining the infection, saving the tooth, and taking antibiotics. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a good prognosis.
Localized formation of pus in the gums of the mouth due to a bacterial infection is a serious condition called a gum abscess. If allowed to progress, an abscess in the gum can lead to a potentially life-threatening condition resulting in asphyxiation. Individuals who experience swelling, discomfort, or irritation of their gums should see a doctor right away.
A gum abscess can form for a variety of reasons. In some cases, bacteria can enter the tooth and underlying gum through an existing cavity. Other people may develop an abscess as a result of trauma to the affected area caused by embedded food or other residual substances. Individuals with compromised immune systems may be at a higher risk of developing an abscess due to their inability to fight infection effectively. Those who have periodontal disease may also develop an abscess as a complication of bone loss.
The abscess itself is made up of a buildup of pus resulting from the infection. Initially, the abscess may look like a blister on the gum. The greatest danger occurs when the abscess is unable to drain, which can lead to the infection spreading to other parts of the neck and head area. In most cases, the abscess will drain outward, relieving pain and discomfort. Despite the relieved pressure, dental treatment is still needed to remedy the underlying problem of the infection and eliminate the source of the abscess.
Increased tooth sensitivity is usually a precursor to abscess formation. The individual may experience discomfort when eating, drinking or chewing which progressively intensifies, resulting in an extremely painful toothache. Additional symptoms associated with a gum abscess include swelling and discomfort of the lymph nodes in the jaw and neck areas.
A diagnosis is usually confirmed by a visual and physical exam conducted during a dental visit. In addition to applying pressure to the swollen area, your dentist will usually do a pulp test to assess the condition of the tooth. An x-ray of the affected area may also be taken to assess whether there has been further damage to the root of the tooth.
Treatment for a gum abscess initially involves draining the infection. Once the pus is removed, the focus shifts to saving the tooth. In cases where the root of the tooth has been sufficiently damaged, a root canal is usually performed to remove the affected tissue. Antibiotics may be prescribed to ensure the infection is cleared, and a warm salt water rinse may be recommended to promote healing. Individuals suffering from a persistent gum abscess may need to have a surgical procedure to remove it permanently.
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for a good prognosis. If the abscess is allowed to progress, it can swell to the point that the person’s ability to open their mouth is impaired. In cases where the infected area swells dramatically, it can result in the individual’s airways narrowing, making breathing difficult and possibly leading to asphyxiation.
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