A histogram is a graph that shows the frequency distribution of data using vertical bars. It can reveal the shape of data and is useful for statistical analysis. Pareto charts are a type of column chart used in quality control. Histogram equalization is used in image manipulation to enhance contrast.
In statistics, a histogram is a type of graph that shows the frequency distribution of data, usually in the form of vertical bars. This type of graph is also commonly called a frequency histogram and sometimes a bar graph or bar chart. In a histogram chart, the height of each bar shows how many items fall within that range on the chart. Histogram distribution graphs are often considered the most important tool in studying the distribution of data.
The histogram graph is usually shown with the frequency of data values on the vertical Y-axis of the graph and the different types or categories of data along the horizontal X-axis of the graph. In addition to showing how often a particular value occurs in a data set, other information can be gleaned using statistical analysis of histogram data. This includes the “shape” of the data, such as a “flat” distribution or a “bell shaped” distribution.
A Pareto chart is a special type of column chart in which the bars are sorted by size, with the tallest bar shown on the leftmost side of the chart and the smallest on the right. These Pareto charts are often used in quality control projects to highlight the most common product defects in manufacturing systems. They get their name from the “Pareto Principle,” which states that 20% of the inputs to the manufacturing process will cause 80% of the defects.
Some examples of patterns that can be seen in histograms include single peak and double peak patterns. A single peak in the data is also the statistical mean of the data. When the statistical mean is not in the center of the graph, this may indicate a special reason, which might be worth investigating.
A double peak pattern occurs where there are two very high bars on the chart. When you see this pattern, it can indicate that there are two distinct sources of data. For example, in a production line, the peaks could be attributable to two single operators.
Histogram equalization is a method used in image manipulation, such as digital photography software. It uses histograms to determine which intensity levels in the image are most common and then distributes them more efficiently. In this way, the overall contrast of the image can be enhanced for better viewing.
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