Truss joists are rectangular frames made from two by four lumber and metal strap fasteners. They can span up to 24-36 feet without support and allow for easy installation of wiring, plumbing, and ductwork. Truss joists can handle heavy weight and are spaced up to 24 inches apart. Plywood is added for sealing and binding purposes.
A joist is basically a rectangle made from two by four lumber that is secured together with metal strap fasteners. The truss joist framing members are bolted together so that the truss frame is 3.5 inches (about 8.89 cm) thick, which is the thickness of a standard two-by-four. After the joist’s base rectangle is constructed, cross bracing is then installed within the rectangle for extra support.
Truss joist technology has generally enabled the construction industry to overcome some problems. When framing a roof or floor, the main issue is whether the shot will span distances greater than 16 feet (about 4.88m) without sagging. It also takes into consideration whether the structural framing of a roof or floor will support the weight of walls or live loads, such as snow or rain. A truss joist can span distances of up to 24 to 36 feet (about 7.3 to 10.9 m) without support from load-bearing walls or posts. Typical trellis joist widths can range from 16 to 24 inches (about 40.6 to 60.9 cm) wide, depending on the structural strength required by the builder.
Primarily, truss joists serve as a means of structural support for floors and roofs; however, because the joist is not solid and is framed by lumber, wiring, plumbing, and ductwork can be installed through the gap in the trusses without the need to cut the joists. Because the trusses are so wide, the ceiling or floor space that is created by these framing members generally is large enough to insulate heavier than a space created by the framing of conventional joists, which are usually two by ten or two for twelve that are 9 to 12 inches (about 22.9 to 30.5 cm) wide.
Because truss joists are prefabricated and constructed using special fasteners, they are able to handle extraordinary amounts of weight, which allows them to be spaced up to 24 inches (about 60.9 cm) apart rather than the more conventional 12-16 inches (about 22.9 cm). to 40.6 cm). Trusses typically come from the factory with notches at the ends so they fit the sill of a foundation; however, the ends of the joists typically need to be capped using 3/4 inch (about 1.9 cm) plywood. The addition of plywood is usually required to bind the joists together with the floor framing, as well as provide a sealed truss system that will be airtight. Truss manufacturers may, however, advise a builder to use two sheets of 3/4-inch (about 1.9 cm) plywood instead of one.
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