Splice plates are used to reinforce connections between steel beams in construction. They help improve safety and prevent structural failure. Splicing is used when long beams are not available or difficult to transport. The plates are pre-drilled and bolted onto the joint, distributing forces and reducing the risk of deformation. Building codes provide specific requirements for splice plates. Engineers use calculations to determine the best design.
In construction, a splice plate is thick sheet metal used to reinforce the connection between structural steel beams. The joint between two pieces of steel is known as a joint, and each joint must be carefully reinforced to ensure a secure bond. Despite the high strength of steel beams and columns, a weak joint between two beams can compromise the structural integrity of an entire building. Adding a junction plate minimizes the risk of failure and helps improve safety for building occupants.
Steel erectors use splicing for a variety of reasons. In some cases, beams that are long enough for a particular application simply aren’t available. In others, a full-length beam may be too difficult to transport to the job site or even into or out of the building. Finally, beam joints can help workers erect steel around obstacles or maneuver them through the building without damaging surrounding surfaces.
After placing two beams as needed, the splice plate is centered along the splice area. It can be placed on the web, or on the beam or on the chords, depending on the access of the installer and the recommendations of the engineer. Sometimes a single joint plate is used to secure the two beams, while other applications require two joint plates for a more secure fit.
The plates come pre-drilled with holes from the manufacturer. The installers lay the plate down on the joint, then drive heavy bolts into each hole. A steel nut holds the end of the bolt in place and prevents the plate from moving. Some engineers may also require workers to weld the perimeter of the splice plate to maximize the strength and life of the connection.
Joint plates provide a much more secure fit between two beams than bolts or welding alone. The forces applied to the beam are distributed over a much larger area than they would be with bolts, as the plate helps distribute the loads beyond the joint. These plates also reduce the risk of the beams twisting or deforming over time at the connection point, which helps extend the life of the structure.
Most building codes provide specific requirements for the use of splice plates. Engineers refer to these codes to determine the size, thickness, material and type of fasteners that should be used for joining. The engineer can also make calculations based on the forces and loads the splice will support to help him determine the best splice plate design.
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