A lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap, is a medical procedure where cerebrospinal fluid is removed from the lower back to diagnose diseases of the central nervous system, confirm bleeding in the brain, administer medicines, or relieve pressure from the brain. No major preparations are required, and patients may experience back pain or headaches afterward.
A lumbar puncture is a medical procedure commonly known as a spinal tap. The procedure involves using a needle to remove cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the back. CSF protects the brain and spinal cord by acting as a cushion surrounding internal structures. Generally, the needle is inserted into the lumber or lower back. The procedure is often done in a hospital, although it can also be done in an outpatient setting.
Doctors can use a lumbar puncture to diagnose a disease. The procedure is often performed to diagnose diseases of the central nervous system. It can also be used to confirm suspected bleeding in the brain. An infection such as meningitis, inflammation of the nervous system, and spinal cord and brain tumors can also be confirmed with this procedure. People with nervous system disease may have lumbar punctures more frequently.
Sometimes, a lumbar puncture will be done to give medicines. Spinal anesthetics, for example, are sometimes administered this way. In some cases, dyes needed for a diagnostic test on the spine can be injected by performing this procedure. Often, a lumbar puncture is performed as a therapeutic procedure to relieve pressure from the brain or skull. Once the cerebrospinal fluid is removed, it is usually sent directly to a laboratory to be looked at for follow-up.
Normally, no major preparations are required for this type of medical procedure. Individuals taking regular medications may be advised to discontinue certain prescriptions before undergoing a lumbar puncture. Some doctors may precede this procedure with a computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. These tests may be done for a general view of the brain or spine. In general, doctors will let an individual know if he or she needs to do anything in particular before the procedure.
Patients will wear a hospital gown for the procedure. An antiseptic soap can be used to clean the part of the back where the needle will be inserted. Usually, an anesthetic is injected to numb the area. During a lumbar puncture, a needle is inserted into the lower back and cerebrospinal fluid is collected. Some patients may be asked to position themselves in a certain way to facilitate fluid withdrawal.
Doctors commonly advise patients to lie down and take it easy after the procedure. Particularly strenuous activities should be avoided throughout the day. The most serious complaint after a lumbar puncture is usually back pain or headache. For both of these problems, taking a pain reliever may be advised. Although if the pain becomes severe and further complications occur, you should call your doctor.
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