A lung biopsy is used to diagnose lung problems and abnormal growths, with various methods available depending on the location and size of the abnormality. A bronchoscopic or needle biopsy is often done as an outpatient procedure, while an open biopsy is more invasive and requires general anesthesia. Complications and risks include bleeding, lung collapse, and infection. Results are usually available about four days after the procedure.
A lung biopsy is done to help diagnose various lung problems, including pulmonary fibrosis. It is also often done to help determine whether an abnormal growth in the lung is cancerous. The procedure involves taking a sample of lung tissue. A pathologist will examine the tissue sample under a microscope and look for abnormalities. The timing of the results may vary slightly, however most patients will receive a result from the biopsy about four days after the procedure.
There are several ways to perform a lung biopsy. The type of biopsy performed depends on the location of the abnormality and the size of sample needed. The doctor performing the biopsy will also take into consideration the patient’s condition and how well he or she tolerates certain types of procedures.
One of the least invasive methods of obtaining a lung sample is through a bronchoscopic biopsy. This involves inserting an instrument through the nose into the lung. The bronchoscope has a light and often a camera on the end. A sample can be taken through a suction catheter attached to the bronchoscope.
A needle biopsy is another option that can be used. While viewing an image of your lung from a CT scan, your doctor guides a long needle into your lungs. The needle is inserted through the chest wall. If a mass or other type of abnormality is thought to be near the chest wall, this may be the preferred type of lung biopsy.
Both a needle lung biopsy and a bronchoscope biopsy are relatively quick and are often done as an outpatient procedure. Most patients will need to spend a few hours in the recovery room after the procedure. Both types of procedures are usually performed without general anesthesia.
There are times when a large sample from the lung is needed or other less invasive types of biopsies don’t work. If this occurs, an open biopsy may be needed. This involves surgery to remove a piece of lung tissue.
General anesthesia is required during an open biopsy, which is a more invasive type of lung biopsy. An incision is made between the ribs and a sample is taken. A chest tube will be inserted after the tissue sample is taken. The tube helps keep the lung inflated while the incision heals. Most patients will spend at least a few days in the hospital following the procedure.
A lung biopsy is considered safe, however patients are educated about the possible complications and risks of the procedure. The likelihood of complications depends in part on the type of lung biopsy performed and the patient’s condition before the biopsy. Risks include bleeding, lung collapse, and infection.
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