Machines consist of machine elements, which are parts that move and interact to make the machine work. There are two types: general purpose and special. Engineers optimize factors such as strength, size, and cost-effectiveness when designing machine elements.
Machines are made up of machine elements, which are individual parts of the machine that move and bump into other parts to make the machine work. While a machine element may consist of smaller structural parts, the entire setup that performs the function is considered the element. For example, a valve consists of several components, including a handwheel and a shaft or stem, but only the entire valve would be called a machine element. There are a wide variety of different machine elements, both generic and special, and their optimal design is an important field of study in engineering.
General purpose machine elements can be used in any application and include items such as gears, bearings, and shafts. Gears are rotating parts with interlocking teeth that spin against other gears, causing them to spin and transmit rotational force, or torque. Bearings are used to carry force – one example is the ball bearing, which allows for low friction as it slides freely under a moving part. Shafts and couplings, like gears, also transmit torque and are used to connect parts, especially in vehicles such as automobiles and motorcycles. While there are many variations and other types of generic elements, they all work on the same principles of force and motion and can be incorporated into almost any machine if needed.
The other major category of machine element is the special machine element. These devices also use the basic principles of force and motion to function, but unlike generic items, they can only be used in specific applications. Pistons and valves are examples of such parts. Valves control the flow of fluid or gas through a pipe by blocking the pipeline and can be opened or closed using an external switch or wheel. Pistons are moving components used in engines and pumps to transmit force from gas or fluid pressure in a bore or to expel that gas or fluid.
When designing a machine element, engineers try to optimize several factors. The machine element must have sufficient strength and durability to reliably perform its intended function, but it must also be as small and light as possible. Ideally, it should also be easy and cost-effective to manufacture and maintain, while remaining compliant with industry standards. Since the basic function of the machine element is the most important consideration in the design, the process begins by tailoring the element to its function and then incorporating other factors.
Protect your devices with Threat Protection by NordVPN
