Magnetic bearings use a magnetic force to support machinery parts without contact, eliminating friction. They require a constant power source and backup system, but can work in a vacuum and without lubricant. They are limited in their use for certain parts of a machine.
A magnetic bearing is a type of bearing that uses a magnetic force to support machinery parts without having any actual contact with the part itself while the machine is on. The magnetic force is strong enough to lift the small machine part and allow it to move while suspended in the air. This eliminates friction between the part and the machine itself.
Bearings are generally used in machinery to control the movement of two or more moving parts that often rotate in a circular motion. The bearing is designed to allow the two parts to move without too much interference caused by the friction of the parts rubbing together or rubbing against other parts around them. One of the most commonly known types of bearing is the ball bearing system.
Magnetic bearings are similar to other types of bearings, such as ball bearings, but a magnetic bearing has a distinct difference in the way it works. This difference lies in the fact that when the machine is turned on, the magnetic bearing eliminates the friction between the parts instead of reducing it. The magnetic current must be strong enough to levitate the part so that it does not touch the surface as it moves within the machine.
This is used in machines where other types of bearings would not work. The magnetic bearing allows the part to move as quickly as possible. The user does not have to worry about contamination from the oil found in the lubricated bearings.
The advantages of using a magnetic bearing system include virtually zero friction applied to machine parts and the ability to work in a vacuum. Magnetic bearings can also function without any type of lubricant. These bearings are important for certain machines that cannot support other types of bearings.
The disadvantages also exist. In order for the magnets to create a strong enough pull to suspend the part, they need a constant power source. There must be a backup system in case of a malfunction or power outage while the machine is running. Without this, if the power goes out, the magnets would lose their attraction and the suspended piece would topple over. The magnetic bearing system is still limited in its uses for this reason, and only certain parts of the machine can use this technology.
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