A magnetic clutch connects and disconnects two shafts using an electromagnetic field instead of a diaphragm spring. It has four components: a coil, rotor, armature, and hub. Overexcitation can improve response time. Magnetic clutches are used in air conditioning systems, braking systems, and other machines.
A magnetic clutch is a device that allows connection and disconnection between two coaxial shafts. In terms of operation, a magnetic clutch works much the same as a normal clutch and both elements perform roughly the same function in most machines. An engine or motor drives a flywheel and a clutch disc, which is made of material with a high coefficient of friction, is placed on top of it. The difference between magnetic clutches and standard models is in the way the pressure plate controls the engagement and disengagement of the clutch plate with the flywheel. In normal clutches, a diaphragm spring is used to connect the clutch plate and flywheel, while in magnetic clutches, an electromagnetic field is used.
There are four main components of a magnetic clutch: a field or coil; a rotor, which corresponds to the flywheel in a normal clutch; an armature, which corresponds to the clutch disc; and a hub, also known as an output. When a current is passed through the coil, an electromagnetic field is generated, the strength of which must be strong enough to overcome the force of the springs separating the rotor and armature. This electromagnetic field pulls the armature into contact with the rotor, causing the armature to move. Connected to the armature is the hub, which is connected to the second shaft.
The functionality and performance of a magnetic clutch depends on a variety of factors and constant voltage is essential to prevent coil overheating. The initial effects of friction between the armature and the rotor are an issue which is addressed by polishing the clutch plate to wear down its surface and make it as smooth as possible. To achieve faster response times, a technique known as overexcitation is implemented; this is where the coil briefly receives voltage several times the standard rating. For example, applying an initial voltage 15 times the normal coil voltage results in a response time three times faster than the standard response time.
A typical automobile uses regular clutches for the purpose of shifting gears and transferring torque from the engine to the crankshaft. Most cars equipped with air conditioning systems, however, will use a magnetic clutch to allow the air compressor to draw power from the engine when the air conditioning is turned on from the dashboard. The same type of technology is also widely used in high-performance braking systems. Magnetic clutches are also used in a number of other machines that are used on a daily basis, from photocopiers to lawn mowers.
Protect your devices with Threat Protection by NordVPN
