A major depressive episode is a period of mood, behavioral, and psychological changes that can occur one or more times and may be a sign of a larger mood disorder. Symptoms include sleep and energy changes, changes in appetite, consistent depression or irritability, lack of pleasure or interest in daily activities, and episodes of lethargy or agitation. Diagnosis requires at least five qualifying criteria for at least two weeks. It can resolve without treatment, but it can also be a sign that a person needs help.
A major depressive episode is a significant period of mood, behavioral, and psychological changes often associated with depression. Depressive episodes can occur one or more times and can be a sign of a larger mood disorder, such as bipolar disorder. Psychologists define a major depressive episode as adhering to at least five major negative impairment symptoms over at least a two-week period. Some of the symptoms common to a major depressive episode include sleep and energy changes, changes in appetite, consistent depression or irritability, lack of pleasure or interest in daily activities, and episodes of lethargy or agitation.
The diagnosis of a major depressive episode is outlined in many psychology reference manuals, including the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, better known as DSM-IV. According to the diagnostic scheme, patients may have a combination of at least five qualifying criteria to consider in the midst of a major depressive episode. The symptoms considered in the diagnosis should not be attributable to any existing medical or drug-induced condition. To be considered for the diagnosis, symptoms must include consistent symptoms of depression or a marked lack of interest in or enjoyment of life for at least two weeks.
Feeling deeply sad, hopeless, or depressed is probably the most telling symptom of a major depressive episode. Thoughts of death or suicide can be common, and some studies show a link between depressive episodes and an increased risk of suicide. People experiencing feelings of depression can go through various manifestations of the condition, including crying spells, increased irritability, emotional numbness, physical symptoms such as headaches, and chronic fatigue.
In a major depressive episode, sleep and energy levels can be significantly affected. Sleeping too much or too little can both be symptoms of major depressive episodes, as long as the changes mark a significant alteration from normal sleep patterns. While it might come as no surprise that those who suffer from a lack of sleep become lethargic or constantly tired, people who sleep significantly more than usual can also feel exhausted all the time.
Increase or decrease in appetite that results in significant weight gain or loss can be considered a symptom of a major depressive episode. People who suffer from depression-related appetite problems may not feel hungry or feel constantly hungry. Some may experience food cravings, especially for sugary or carbohydrate-rich foods. Decreased appetite may be a slightly more common symptom than a major depressive episode.
A significant depressive episode can resolve itself without psychological treatment, but it can also be an important sign that a person needs help. Episodes can be caused by acute trauma, such as the death of a loved one, but they can also be signs of a larger mood disorder with no immediate cause. A person in the midst of a depressive episode may be in danger of harming their career, personal relationship, or even committing suicide. Psychological evaluation can help determine whether symptoms of depression may be compounding a major depressive episode.
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