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Money bills, such as taxes, can only originate in the lower house of parliamentary systems. The upper house can propose amendments, but cannot change or veto bills. Failure to review bills within a certain time frame is prohibited. In the American system, revenue bills must come from the House, but the Senate can amend or replace them. All revenue bills must be approved by both houses before being signed by the president.
A promissory note is legislation devoted solely to expenses or revenues such as taxes, tariffs, or other assessments. In Westminster-type parliamentary systems, which are based on the English government, money bills can only originate in the lower house of the legislature, often called the House of Commons. In the United States, the Constitution requires only that revenue bills come from the House of Representatives; spending bills can come from either the House or the Senate.
In Westminster-type parliamentary systems, once the lower house has passed a bill, it is presented to the upper house, but the actions the house can take are usually limited. For example, amendments may be proposed, but they have the status of suggestions; the lower house will consider them, but is not obliged to agree to pass the bill. The upper house must complete the review of a bill within a certain time frame, which varies by country, but its assent is not required. Failure to comply with the deadline is called “blocking the supply” and is prohibited. The lower house, therefore, essentially sends bills to the upper house only for its review and comments; the upper house has no power to change or veto bills.
Monetary bills in parliamentary systems are often the basis for determining the legislator’s confidence in the government’s competence to govern effectively. If the majority party or coalition proposes a monetary law that is not approved by the lower house, the house is said to have lost faith in the government. This usually triggers the appointment of a deputy head of government, often the prime minister, by the head of state; in other cases, general elections are held, which may involve the replacement of the government or its return to power.
Notes like this, and the protocols surrounding them, don’t exist in the American system. The Constitution requires only that all bills concerned with raising revenues – mainly taxes – come from the House, but it does not require exclusivity of content, nor does it limit the actions that can be taken when such bills are introduced to the House. Senate for Action. Amendments unrelated to the original subject matter of the bill are often appended to revenue bills by both the House and the Senate. In addition to amending them, when revenue bills passed by the House are introduced, the Senate can vote against them or even replace House language altogether. Like all laws in the American system, however, revenue bills must be approved by both houses before they can be presented to the president for signature.
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