Grid connections allow for the distribution and consumption of electricity between power plants, transmission grids, distribution grids, and homes/businesses. Buses are used to facilitate connections, which can be bi-directional or uni-directional. Distribution networks use step-down transformers to lower voltage for shorter distances. Bi-directional connections in distributed generation contexts require additional controls.
A grid connection is an electrical connection between a power plant and a transmission grid, a transmission grid and a distribution grid, or a distribution grid and a home or business. These grid connections make it possible to distribute and consume electricity. To facilitate a connection to the network, components known as buses are typically used. These buses can be very large in connections between transmission and distribution networks, or relatively small in domestic or business settings. Network connections can also be bi-directional or uni-directional, although the type of bi-directional connections found in distributed generation contexts typically require additional controls or other security precautions.
There are many different types of connections that can be found in modern electrical networks. Every electrical network typically consists of a number of discrete elements, each of which must be interconnected in some way. The part of the system that is usually directly connected to power generation facilities is referred to as the transmission grid. This part of the grid typically transmits high voltage, low amperage electricity, and a grid connection must exist between it and at least one power plant for the transmission of electricity to occur.
To effectively supply cities and towns with electricity, distribution networks are also used. The connection to the grid between the transmission and distribution portions of the system typically involves lowering the voltage to a level more suitable for the shorter distances involved. This is usually accomplished in electrical substations that include step-down transformers and other equipment. Power lines in the distribution network are then connected directly to local homes and businesses.
The last type of network connection is found in homes and businesses. This type of connection typically features another step-down transformer capable of stepping down the distribution voltage to a level useful for residential, commercial and industrial applications. These connections are in most cases one-way, as homes and businesses tend to consume electricity but not produce it.
In the case of distributed power generation, bi-directional grid connections at the consumer level may also be possible. This type of grid connection involves a home or business that has solar panels, wind turbines, or other electricity-generating equipment on site. In some cases these electricity customers may produce more power than they require, in which case a bi-directional grid connection may allow the excess to flow back into the distribution system. These connections often require special permissions to ensure safe operation.
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