A network interface adapter connects devices to a network, either wired or wireless. Wireless adapters require a compatible router and have a limited range. External adapters can be connected via USB and offer various connectivity options. Cellular network adapters are also available, but prices vary based on the generation of cellular service they support. Adapters can be purchased where computers are sold, and compatibility with the router should be checked.
A network interface adapter connects an electronic device to a network by providing a two-way communication system for data flow between the device and the network. A network interface adapter may require an Ethernet cable that runs between the adapter and your network router or hub, or it may be wireless. Wireless network adapters must be paired with a wireless router, as both share a common wireless standard in order to be interoperable. A network interface adapter can be an internal or external model. An internal model is also known as a network interface card or NIC.
Virtually all computers today are manufactured with an internally installed wireless network interface adapter. Installed NIC cards for wired networks were standard before wireless networks, and for many years computers came with both types of network adapters. The wired NIC is not always present on modern commercially available computers, as the demand has declined considerably with the rise of wireless networks.
A wireless network interface adapter uses radio frequency (RF) waves to communicate with the network router. Both the adapter and the router have a built-in receiver and transmitter for exchanging data. The actual transmission range of wireless networks varies based on hardware and other factors, but this bubble is known as a hotspot. With a compatible adapter, anyone within the hotspot can access the network, assuming it is open to the public or that the user has credentials to access the network.
While hotspots work well enough for homes, offices, coffee shops, and other public places, this type of wireless network does have a downside. If you move outside the transmission range, the signal is lost. Another type of wireless network known as mobile broadband uses cell towers to broadcast the network’s data stream, eliminating the need to be anchored to a locally available router. Cellular Internet requires its own type of network interface adapter, which is branded for the cellular operator providing the service. Almost all cell phone companies offer optional mobile broadband Internet at an additional cost to your cell phone service.
An external network interface adapter can be connected to a standard USB port. Depending on the model, it can provide an Ethernet port for wired access, wireless capability for a local hotspot, or contract mobile broadband connectivity. Adapters can also be supplied in the form of PC Cards, which plug into the PC Card slot of a laptop or notebook. Aftermarket internal network cards or adapters can be installed inside desktop and laptop computers.
The numerous choices available for network interface adapters mean that customers are never at a loss to find the right adapter for the job or, in this case, the network. If an older computer contains a wireless adapter that supports only an older wireless standard (e.g. 802.11g) and the router supports only a newer standard (e.g. 802.11n), an inexpensive external adapter that supports 802.11n can connect the networked computer in no time.
In some cases, mobile connectivity may be required occasionally for network on the go or for places where hotspots are not available. An external cellular or mobile network adapter is the answer, and many carriers offer pay-as-you-go plans to avoid recurring monthly fees.
If you’re interested in a cellular network adapter, check with your carrier of choice or look for third-party adapters that are guaranteed to work with your desired carrier. Keep in mind that when it comes to cellular broadband, the price of an adapter may be based largely on the generation of cellular service the adapter supports. The new generations are usually faster and more desirable. A network interface adapter that supports yesterday’s cellular standards might be cheaper, but also slower.
Purchase network adapters wherever computers are sold. If shopping for a wireless network, make sure the adapter shares a common protocol with the router. Slimmer USB network adapters will be less likely to be hit or bumped when used in a computer or mobile device.
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