Unilateral headaches occur on one side of the head and can be caused by migraines, TMJ disorder, temporal arteritis, and other conditions. A neurologist should be consulted to rule out serious underlying problems. Medication, lifestyle changes, and dental appliances can help alleviate the pain.
The word “unilateral” means “one-sided” and a unilateral headache occurs on one side of the head. Usually, it’s in the temple area near the eye. Many conditions can cause one-sided headaches, including migraines, temporal arteritis, temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ), and other problems. A person should see a doctor if the pain is in the same place every time and especially if the headache increases in frequency. Generally, neurologists treat one-sided headaches with medication, although some doctors prefer to include a controlled diet and stress-reduction program along with medication.
About one in five migraine sufferers experience a one-sided headache. Another common cause of these headaches can be TMJ disorder which can be related to a misaligned jaw or clenching of teeth. Often a dentist or orthodontist can fit a person with a mouthguard or other dental appliance to relieve pressure on the jaw. An additional cause may be temporal arteritis, which is a rare but serious condition that can accompany a one-sided headache.
Temporal arteritis usually causes a headache in the temple area near the eye. The temporal arteries in this area can be affected by chronic inflammation that creates pressure and pain. A reduction in the supply of oxygenated blood to the head and brain is another problem created by inflamed arteries. Doctors sometimes refer to this condition as “giant cell arteritis” or “cranial arteritis.” Some neurologists believe this may be associated with autoimmune disease.
When a person experiences one-sided headaches, they should see a neurologist to rule out a serious underlying structural problem. Usually, medications reduce or ease the pain of a one-sided headache. In some people, allergens, such as food, pollen, pet dander, and other substances, can trigger a one-sided headache. Medications and lifestyle changes often help eliminate or reduce headaches. Many people can trace their headaches to foods, including but not limited to monosodium glutamate (MSG), caffeine, nitrates and nitrites.
Underlying health issues that can trigger a one-sided headache include pituitary or pituitary gland disorders, hormonal imbalances, and disorders of the hypothalamus. General practitioners and neurologists often look for other symptoms. Usually these other symptoms show up in the eye on the side affected by the headache. This can include a watery eye, a red eye, or a droopy eyelid. Some people find that emotional stress, bright, fluorescent lights, and the hormonal changes of menopause trigger episodes of one-sided headaches.
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