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The Pelton wheel is an efficient water turbine that extracts energy from the forward thrust of water. It consists of a turbine with buckets, a shaft, and a generator. Water is brought to the wheel through a penstock and gate valve. The Pelton wheel was invented by Lester Allan Pelton in 1870 and is used in hydroelectric plants. Water turbines can be impulse or reaction turbines.
The Pelton wheel is a highly efficient water turbine. Water turbines are used to produce electricity and serve as industrial energy sources. The Pelton wheel works by extracting energy from the forward thrust of the water. Turbines that use this method to extract energy are called impulse turbines.
A Pelton wheel is made up of two basic parts, the turbine and the gate. The turbine has the shape of a wheel. The rim of the wheel is covered with buckets in the shape of scoops. When water hits these vanes, it changes direction. Most of the energy in the water is transferred to the wheel, which makes it spin.
The wheel is attached to a shaft. The shaft is connected to a generator, which converts rotational energy into electrical energy. Hydroelectricity is one of the most used renewable energy sources in the world.
Since the Pelton wheel uses water instead of compressible gas, all of the energy can be removed in one step. Conversely, using steam to harness energy requires more turbines. After the steam has worked on a turbine, it has to be compressed again. The process is repeated until all energy is extracted from the steam. For the Pelton wheel to achieve maximum efficiency, the water must move twice as fast as the buckets.
The penstock is the apparatus that brings the water to the wheel. The gate valve has a nozzle with an opening smaller than the width of the pipe. As water is forced through this smaller opening, the pressure of the water decreases, but the rate at which the water moves increases.
The Pelton wheel was designed in 1870. It is named after its creator, Lester Allan Pelton. Pelton was an American inventor. He is generally considered one of the fathers of modern hydroelectricity. In 2006 he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
Water turbines were first developed in the 1800s. They convert energy from the movement of water into a form that is useful for industrial purposes. Modern water turbines are used to produce electricity in hydroelectric plants.
Turbines can be divided into two categories. Impulse turbines such as the Pelton wheel use the kinetic energy of water to drive the turbine. Reaction turbines rely on water pressure to drive the turbine. This type of turbine must be completely immersed in the water flow. To work efficiently, they also need to be recessed in a way that suction is maintained.
