Plasma is the fourth state of matter, consisting of charged molecules that form gas-like clouds or beams of ions. A plasma torch converts gas into plasma for fusion through metal, cutting and welding. It is used in the automotive, construction and art industries. Safety precautions should be taken when using a plasma torch.
Plasma, also called ionized gas, is the fourth state of matter, in addition to the more commonly known states of solid, liquid and gas. It is a collection of charged molecules that form gas-like clouds or beams of ions. Plasma is electrically charged and responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. A plasma torch, also known as a plasma arc or plasma gun, is an electrical device that converts a gas into plasma for fusion through metal.
A plasma torch works by projecting an electric arc produced by polarized electrodes through a gas forced through a small opening, the nozzle. As the gas becomes electrically charged, its temperature increases until the gas enters the plasma state. The electric charge is transferred to the metal causing it to melt and the high velocity gas cuts through the molten material. Nitrogen, oxygen and argon can be used, but the most prevalent gas is simply forced air. A plasma torch can cut more economically, faster and more accurately than the traditional oxyacetylene torch.
A plasma torch can be effective for both cutting and welding. As with cutters, plasma welding torches have high speeds and high quality performance for creating pore-free weld beads. These tools come with a standard electrical cord, an air or gas chamber, and a nozzle with an electrode placed behind it. A gas source, such as an air compressor or bottled air or gas, is connected to the torch. For most metals, compressed air is sufficient, although nitrogen or argon can be used to cut stainless steel or other exotic metals.
The automotive and construction industries use a computer numerically controlled (CNC) plasma torch to make the custom shapes required for frames or frames and to cut large steel beams. The versatility and precision of this device make it an excellent tool for creating metal works of art, jewelry and ornamental ironwork. Many CNC torches are large, expensive pieces of equipment designed to run on the assembly line of a large shop, such as an automobile factory; however, smaller, more affordable models are now available for small shops and individual crafters.
For applications that do not require CNC equipment, hand units are available at a relatively inexpensive price. The required air pressure capacity varies with the size of the plasma torch, so the buyer should select the torch before determining the size of air compressor to purchase. Replacement parts, such as air filters, nozzles and electrodes are available from a variety of sources.
A plasma torch, like any other power tool, can cause serious injury if proper safety precautions are not followed. Light from the plasma torch can seriously damage the naked eye, so safety glasses with side shields should be worn at all times. Fireproof gloves and clothing can protect against sparks. These burs operate at extremely high temperatures that can burn through gloves, so hands must be kept away from the nozzle, arc and piece of metal. To prevent fire or explosion, the flashlight should only be used in a well-ventilated area, away from any other flammable materials.
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