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Power transformers convert incoming electricity to a higher or lower value, regulating voltage and current flow. They are used in electrical grids and everyday devices, with safety features to prevent damage or overvoltage.
Sometimes known simply as a transformer, a power transformer is a device used to convert incoming electricity or voltage to a higher or lower value in order to meet the current flow required for a specific purpose. Power transformers are a regular component in the electrical grids of many nations, allowing the transfer of power to residential and commercial buildings to be regulated without overloading the circuits of those structures. From this point of view, the transformer can also be seen as a safety feature which reduces some of the risk associated with using electric current in these settings.
The two main functions of a power transformer are to transfer electrical current from a source to a destination and to regulate the voltage of that current before it reaches its intended destination. This is handled in the coil system of the device. The coils act as conductors, helping to keep the current flowing within a range considered acceptable. By managing the magnetic field fluctuation that occurs within the power transformer core, the voltage can be controlled and changed in any way necessary before power is supplied to homes or businesses.
A power transformer can be a relatively large unit such as those used by many utility companies as part of their grid system, or a much smaller device that regulates the flow of voltage to everyday devices. A small transformer is commonly used in audio equipment used in a theater, allowing microphones, speakers, and other equipment to be adequately powered without running the risk of damaging the equipment with unnecessarily high voltage. It is likely that many household devices, including kitchen appliances, contain some type of power transformer. In recent years, technology has begun to eliminate the need for transformers in some devices, especially smaller ones. Currently, the use of a power transformer to control power flow and voltage in power grids and substations operated as part of manufacturing plant operations continues to be common.
Safety is also key to the design of any type of power transformer, large or small. Without devices of this type it would not be possible to use electricity without great risk. It is not uncommon for a supply voltage transformer system used as part of a utility company network to include safety features that cause the device to shut down completely in the event of damage or overvoltage. In doing so, the transformer typically prevents the flow of excessive amounts of voltage at the destination points and minimizes the chances of the circuits on the receiving equipment or appliances being overloaded and destroyed.
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