Programming paradigms describe the logical approach used in software engineering and are unique to each language. Examples include object-oriented, procedural, structured, declarative, and functional. Each has unique requirements and process abstractions. The evolution of programming languages has led to more logical approaches, such as the object-oriented paradigm. Many languages support multiple paradigms, allowing developers to choose the best fit for the business problem being solved.
Computer programmers have evolved from the early days of first-generation bit-processing languages into sophisticated logic designers of complex software applications. A programming paradigm is the logical approach used in software engineering that describes how a programming language is implemented. Programming paradigms are unique to each language within the computer programming domain, and many programming languages use multiple paradigms. The term paradigm is best described as “pattern or pattern”. Therefore, a programming paradigm can be defined as a pattern or model used within a software programming language to build software applications.
Programming languages are extremely logical and follow the standard rules of mathematics. Each language has a unique way of applying these rules, especially around the areas of functions, variables, methods and objects. There are many programming paradigms; examples include object-oriented, procedural, and structured programming. Each paradigm has unique requirements on usage and process abstractions within the programming language.
It is helpful to understand the history of programming language and software in general to better understand the concept of programming paradigm. In the early days of software development, software engineering was accomplished by creating binary code or machine code, represented by 1s and 0s. These binary manipulations made programs react in a specific way. This early computer programming is commonly referred to as a “low-level” programming paradigm.
This was a tedious and error-prone method of creating programs. Programming languages have rapidly evolved into the “procedural” paradigm or third generation languages including COBOL, Fortran and BASIC. These procedural programming languages define programs in a step-by-step approach.
The subsequent evolution of programming languages was to create a more logical approach to software development, the “object-oriented” programming paradigm. This approach is used by the programming languages Java, Smalltalk and Eiffel. This paradigm attempts to abstract the modules of a program into reusable objects.
In addition to these programming paradigms, there are also the “declarative” paradigm and the “functional” paradigm. While some programming languages strictly enforce the use of a single paradigm, many support multiple paradigms. Some examples of these types include C++, C#, and Visual Basic®.
By allowing developers flexibility within programming languages, a programming paradigm can be used that best suits the business problem being solved. As the art of computer programming has evolved, so has the creation of the programming paradigm. By creating a framework of a model or model for system development, programmers can create computer programs to be most efficient within the selected paradigm.
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