Plastic surgery restores, corrects, or alters the body for therapeutic or aesthetic reasons. There are two types of plastic surgeons: cosmetic and reconstructive. Reconstructive surgeons perform procedures such as tissue expansion, scar revision, hand surgery, and cleft lip and palate surgery.
Plastic surgery is a collection of medical procedures that restore, correct or alter the form or function of the body or body parts for therapeutic or aesthetic reasons. Plastic surgeons have at least six years of training and experience in surgery, three of which are specialized in plastic surgery. There are two main types of plastic surgeons. One type includes cosmetic plastic surgeons, those who specialize in plastic surgery done for aesthetic reasons. A reconstructive surgeon, on the other hand, specializes in plastic surgery performed for therapeutic reasons.
There are several fairly standard procedures for reconstructive surgeons. One of them is tissue expansion, a procedure to increase the skin. The skin can be used for other procedures, such as repairing skin damaged by an accident, birth defect or surgery, as well as for use in various procedures performed for cosmetic reasons.
Tissue expansion is sometimes used as a precursor to scar revision. Scarring can be repaired in several ways, depending on the situation. Techniques a reconstructive surgeon may use to lessen the severity of a scar include topical applications, injections, skin treatments such as bleaching, chemical peels, dermabrasion or light therapy, or tissue replacement with skin grafts from tissue expansion. or a pharmaceutical tissue substitute.
Another important focus of the reconstructive surgeon may be hand surgery. Diseases and disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome, Dupuytren’s contracture and rheumatoid arthritis can impair the flexibility and function of the fingers and wrist. Reconstructive hand surgery may also be performed when there has been an injury to the hand or fingers or when a birth defect inhibits normal functioning, as in syndactyly, the most common congenital malformation, or the arms or legs, when several fingers are fused together. The reconstructive surgeon may operate on patients with syndactyly less than one year old.
Cleft lip and palate surgery is another type of reconstructive surgery performed primarily on children. While the cleft lip may be relatively minor in some cases, the combination can affect eating, speech development, and lead to ear infections and hearing loss. The reconstructive surgeon usually performs several rounds of surgery, repairing the cleft lip when the child is less than three months old, the cleft palate on the child’s first birthday, and doing follow-up surgery as needed after the child’s second birthday.
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