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Reflection attacks compromise server security by tricking it into providing a security code. They exploit challenge-response authentication and can be prevented by adding security layers, monitoring connections, and modifying protocols. Redundant protection is necessary for sensitive information.
A reflection attack is a compromise in the security of a server by tricking it into providing a security code to allow a hacker to gain access to it. Reflection attacks are possible when servers use a simple protocol to authenticate visitors. Adding a few security-enhancing steps can make such attacks more difficult, forcing hackers to pursue other avenues of attack. Security professionals can evaluate a system to determine if the security is sufficient for the application.
This type of attack exploits a common security technique known as challenge-response authentication, which relies on the exchange of secure information between the authorized user and the server. In a reflection attack, the hacker logs in and receives a challenge. The server expects a response in the form of a correct response. Instead, the hacker creates another connection and sends the challenge to the server. In a weak protocol, the server will send the response, allowing the attacker to send the response over the original connection to access the server.
Using proxies and other tools across a connection can make a reflection attack more difficult, as can making some changes to the protocol used by the server. These additional layers of security can take more time and money to implement and may not necessarily be provided by default on a system with relatively low security needs. Systems that use a challenge-response authentication approach to security can be vulnerable to reflection attacks unless they are modified to address the most common security holes.
Other techniques for thwarting a reflection attack can include monitoring server connections for signs of suspicious activity. Someone trying to gain unauthorized access can behave strangely, as seen, for example, if someone logs in and another connection opens almost immediately for that person to redirect the challenge to the server. This could be a warning sign that someone is attempting a thinking attack.
Cyber security typically includes several layers. If one fails, such as if a server gets confused by a reflection attack, other layers can come into play to minimize the damage. These layers of security can be implemented by security professionals using a variety of programs to offer redundant protection, especially to systems that handle sensitive information such as government data. For maximum security, a system can be kept off the network and accessible only in person in a facility that protects the server and access equipment.
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