A reversing valve directs refrigerant flow in a heat pump, allowing it to function as both a heating and cooling system. It works by reversing the roles of the evaporator and condenser. Reversing valve failure is common and should be repaired by a professional.
A reversing valve is an important element within a heat pump system. It is found along the pipes or tubes that connect the main operating components of the heat pump and helps direct the flow of refrigerant through these pipes. This valve allows the heat pump to act as both an air conditioner and a heating system. Heat pump reversing valves eliminate the need for separate heating and cooling systems, which typically results in lower costs, less maintenance, and higher efficiency.
To understand how the reversing valve works, it’s important to first understand how air conditioning works. Most air conditioning systems consist of an internal evaporating unit and an external condenser. A series of pipes connects these two units and allows the refrigerant to pass between them. As the refrigerant passes through the evaporator, it collects heat energy, which makes the inside of the house cooler. The refrigerant then escapes from the condenser, which discharges the heat energy to the outside.
With a reversing valve, you can reverse this process to add heat to a room instead of removing it. When the reversing valve is set to heating mode, the condenser and evaporator automatically switch roles, so that the evaporator is now outdoors while the condenser is indoors. When the refrigerant passes outside, it collects heat energy and carries it back into the house. The condenser dumps heat energy into the house, then sends the cooled refrigerant back outside to complete the cycle.
Depending on the type of heat pump in use, the diverter valve can be operated via the thermostat or the control panel. If a thermostat is used, the reversing valve will automatically turn on and off as needed to maintain the desired temperature level. Valves connected to a control panel require manual activation by the homeowner as the weather changes each season. Some very simple systems may have a simple reverse switch on the heat pump casing itself.
Reversing valves are built into the heat pump system by the manufacturer and are very difficult to access or replace. Reversing valve failure is a common problem over the life of the heat pump and is often confused with condenser failure. While it is possible to replace a failed reversing valve, homeowners should not attempt this repair themselves. You must hire a qualified professional to replace the valve without damaging the heat pump or its piping.
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