Roller screws and ball screws are similar devices that convert rotary motion into linear motion. Roller screws have threaded rollers, while ball screws have balls. Roller screws are more expensive but offer higher longevity, quality, accuracy, and maximum capacity. They consist of three components: the nut housing, internal thread, and shaft with threaded rollers. As the nut housing rotates, the rollers move around the shaft, pushing it forward or backward.
A roller screw is a mechanical device that converts rotary motion into linear motion. They are primarily known as roller screw actuators, being very similar in construction to ball screw actuators. Roller Screws consist of three main components, which are the nut, the rollers and the shaft. The rollers, shaft, and inside of the nut are all threaded so that rotation of the nut creates linear motion within the screw. Roller screws are a more expensive and higher quality alternative to ball screw actuators.
Ball screw actuators are very similar to roller screw actuators, each having three major components. Their biggest difference lies in the area between the snail housing and the shaft. Instead of having threaded rollers, a ball screw will have balls. These balls function much like the threads of a roller, as their rotation pushes the shaft in and out of the nut housing. Roller screws are typically more expensive than ball screws, primarily due to their higher longevity, quality, accuracy, and maximum capacity.
The roller screw design is considered simple, the actual transmission device consists of only three major components. On the outside is the nut housing, which is often coupled to the motor or motor that spins it. Often, the housing itself will serve as the armature of an electric motor. This makes the device much more compact and efficient, allowing it to be used in a wider variety of applications.
The inside of the nut housing is an internal thread, which contacts the corresponding threads of the rollers. There are multiple rollers inside each roller screw, usually enough to fill the space between the nut and the shaft. The number and size of these rollers varies according to the size of the actuator. Regardless of size, all rollers have a thread that allows contact between the nut and the shaft. As the nut housing turns, the rollers move around the shaft; as a result, they are often referred to as orbital rollers.
The shaft is usually larger than the rollers and moves linearly. Just like the other components, the shaft also has a thread that can join the rollers. When the internal thread of the nut housing rotates, so do the rollers. The rotation of these rollers “pushes” the wire up the shaft, which moves it forward or backward. The direction in which the shaft moves depends entirely on the direction of rotation of the nut housing.
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