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Round files are cylindrical hand tools used to remove material from workpieces, commonly for deburring or cutting half-round grooves. They have parallel ridges or teeth that determine the file cut, with six basic grades. Round files come in different sizes and tooth pitches, and are used almost exclusively for internal surfaces of cylindrical workpieces. They should always be used with a handle to avoid injury. Although modern techniques have replaced filing, files are still the standard hand tool for most craftsmen and hobbyists.
A round file is a woodworking or metalworking hand tool of cylindrical cross section that is used to remove small amounts of material from a workpiece. Round files usually consist of a long tapering body and a square tang pointed at one end for attaching a handle. The body of the file is cut with a series of parallel ridges that remove material from the workpiece as the file is drawn across it. These files are most commonly used for deburring or removing material from the inside surfaces of cylindrical parts or for cutting half-round grooves. Round files are available in a wide selection of sizes and tooth pitches to suit a variety of applications and materials.
Files have been used to shape and finish metal and wood objects for thousands of years; archaeological finds of Assyrian iron rasps, for example, date back to 7,000 BC. Although modern filemaking techniques have largely replaced filing as the primary shaping method, files are still the standard hand tool for most professional craftsmen and hobbyists. hobby. The round file is a fairly specialist type and is used almost exclusively to remove material from the internal surfaces of cylindrical workpieces. It shares a common basic structure with most file types, however, and features a cutting surface and a tapered tang on the opposite end used for handle attachment. The cutting surface of a round file is elongated, tapering towards the tip, and cut with a series of equally spaced parallel ridges.
These ridges, commonly called teeth, give the file the rough, abrasive qualities needed to remove material from the workpiece. The depth and frequency of these teeth determine the pitch of the teeth or the roughness of the round file. This abrasive grade is known as the file cut and is represented by six basic grades: rough, medium, bastard, second cut, smooth, and smooth. The degree of cut should always be matched to the required finish required and the material involved.
Some round file designs feature a single set of parallel teeth and are known as cross-cut files. Others feature a second, opposing set of tooth ridges that form a diamond-shaped tooth pattern known as a double-edged. Generally the rougher files would be used for removing large amounts of material at the start of a project and the smoother examples for the final finish. As with all file types, users should always ensure that the file is fitted with a handle as an exposed tang can cause serious injury.
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