A sandblast chamber separates solids from liquids, reducing sediment and particulate build-up in pipes and preventing clogging of other machinery. There are different designs, including passive and aerated tanks, and some have machinery for cleaning accumulated sediment.
A sandbox is used to sieve solids, such as sand or other particulates or foreign materials, from liquids. Such a chamber is mostly found in waste treatment plants and sometimes in other industrial applications. A typical sand chamber is designed to reduce the velocity of flowing liquids and to allow particles to settle through the action of gravity. This has a purpose that goes beyond the simple task of cleaning liquids of pollutants. It prevents material from clogging other machinery, such as valves and pumps, reduces sediment and particulate build-up in pipes, and reduces wear on other elements of treatment systems.
Many different sandblast chamber designs are used around the world, but they all serve the same basic purpose. Most blast chambers are carefully designed for the specific gravities, or densities, of the particles to be removed. A typical design will only remove particles up to a certain density while allowing lighter particles to continue to be removed during later stages of the treatment process. Some sandboxes are long, narrow, enclosed metal tanks, while others may be nothing more than a concrete-lined pond or underground tank.
Most blast chambers are one of two main types. A simple or passive sand chamber relies on controlling liquid flow velocity and gravity to remove particles. The size and shape of the chamber is arranged in such a way as to maximize the removal of particles up to a certain size and density, while allowing smaller and lighter particles to pass through. Ideally, mostly inorganic particles such as sand, gravel and glass shards are removed in this way, allowing the organic particles and materials to continue.
Aerated tanks or chambers use air infusions to aid in the separation process. By introducing jets of air to the surface, perpendicular to the direction of the main flow, a series of small spiral eddy currents are created. These serve two purposes. Small fragments of organic matter are rinsed away from the larger inorganic particles, enhancing the differentiation between the two types and allowing the smaller organic matter to pass through. The spiral currents also have the effect of improving particle removal over a shorter overall travel distance for the main stream compared to an identical tank without aeration.
Mechanically clean blast chambers are designed with machinery or other devices for cleaning accumulated sediment. These can be very simple or quite elaborate, depending on the particular design. Some very simple sandboxes have no such systems and must be manually cleaned. Most facilities that use blast chambers have more than one, sometimes several, so that individual tanks can be cleaned without hindering the overall operation.
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