Sanitation engineers design and build structures related to public health, such as wastewater treatment plants and sewage systems. They use specialized knowledge in math, physics, and environmental science, as well as computer-aided design software. A bachelor’s degree is required, and certification exams can improve job opportunities. With experience and a master’s degree, they can become supervisors or work in government positions.
A sanitation engineer researches, designs, and builds the various structures and facilities related to the preservation of public health, including wastewater treatment plants, sewage systems, and municipal water supplies. Professional engineers use their specialized knowledge of mathematics, physics and environmental science to build efficient sanitation systems and protect the health and safety of citizens. They help control the spread of disease, ensure safe drinking water, regulate landfills, organize recycling efforts and promote conservation.
A successful sanitation engineer must have a detailed understanding of mathematics, statistics and physics to create safe and efficient structures. It is important for modern engineers to become proficient with computers and the Internet, as they rely on computer-aided design software and online simulation programs to draw plans for new systems and subject them to what-if tests. In addition, sanitation engineers must be knowledgeable about environmental science, public health, local laws, and building codes.
When a new sanitation facility or system is needed, a team of professionals led by a senior sanitation engineer surveys existing systems, considers options and determines the most cost-effective strategy. They investigate the environmental impacts that a new installation will have and ensure that it does not pose a health risk to the flora or fauna in the area. The team works together to create blueprints, survey the jobsite, and organize construction crews. During the actual construction process, engineers often visit the site to supervise workers and ensure that components are installed exactly according to blueprints.
A person who wants to become a sanitation engineer is usually required to obtain a bachelor’s degree or higher in environmental engineering or public health. Most engineers spend one to two years working under the supervision of established professionals in order to learn the fundamentals of the job and gain important first-hand knowledge of policies, procedures and regulations. A new sanitation engineer can improve their qualifications and job opportunities by taking certification exams administered by nationally recognized organizations such as the National Board of Surveying and Engineering Examiners in the United States. Individuals who successfully complete the certification exams can earn Professional Engineer and Integrated Urban Engineer credentials.
Professionals who gain experience in the field and pursue a master’s degree can become supervisors or senior sanitation engineers, where they can lead teams of scientists and other engineers on large-scale projects. A few qualified individuals are able to obtain high government positions in local, state and federal offices, helping to create new regulations and influencing policy decisions on environmental protection and public health.
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