A shaded pole motor is a simple single-phase AC induction motor that relies on electromagnetic forces to generate torque. It consists of a rotor assembly and a stator pole with shaded and unshaded windings. It is sturdier and less expensive than many comparable models, but has a weak power output and low starting torque, making it suitable for small electronic devices such as home fans, hair dryers, and humidifiers. Variations in size and function result from increasing or decreasing the amount of shaded and unshaded windings in the pole.
The term “shaded pole motor” typically refers to one of the simpler single-phase AC induction motors used today. Typical configurations essentially consist of a rotor assembly and a stator pole. As an induction motor, this motor relies on electromagnetic forces to generate torque. The simplicity of this engine is both beneficial and limiting, making it efficient for a limited range of applications. There are many variations of a shaded pole motor, although many of the principles used in their design provide the basis for other comparable motors.
The simplest shaded pole motor consists of a rotor assembly and stator pole and contains a series of shaded and unshaded windings. Shaded windings are made of copper conductors which typically produce a weak magnetic field once a rotor starts spinning. This magnetic field is often used to create increased torque which can be changed to maintain and regulate rotor speed.
Generally, induction motors rely on magnetic torque production for a large part of their operations. A shaded pole motor is a unique induction motor because the copper windings receive no direct electrical charge. Instead, it is the magnetic flux created by the interactions of the windings in the pole with the moving rotor that further increases the torque once it starts.
There are several benefits to using a shaded pole motor and several limitations to what they can achieve. The configuration of these engines is often considered simple, making them sturdier and less expensive than many comparable models. This simplicity, however, means that the power that can be produced is weak compared to other engines. The low starting torque of these motors also means they are better suited to small electronic devices.
To use a shaded pole motor, a device must have an easily startable load, due to the low torque and power output. Common applications include home fans, which typically require low torque and adjustable rotor speeds. Other applications may include many low power devices, such as hair dryers, humidifiers and some electronic toys. In many cases, this type of motor will be the sturdiest and least expensive component in a home appliance.
Generally, a shaded pole motor is defined by its size, horsepower, peak torque, and primary function. The variations typically result from increasing or decreasing the amount of shaded and unshaded windings in the pole. For example, large box fans are likely to have a more complex shaded pole motor than small personal fans with much smaller fan blades.
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