Soil pipes are used to remove solid waste from toilets and are larger in diameter than regular sewage pipes. They require specific fittings and routing constraints to prevent blockages and flooding. Proper installation is critical for health and safety.
A soil pipe is a PVC or cast iron pipe used in plumbing to remove dirty or contaminated water from toilets. Soil pipes differ from regular sewage removal pipes in that they are usually larger in diameter and are specifically designed to remove solid waste from toilets. Most plumbing systems consist of a combination of soil and wastewater piping and each have their own particular characteristics and requirements. Most of these involve pipe sizes, fittings, and routing constraints specific to each type, although both ultimately flow into a common main sewer line.
The nature of soil water waste makes its removal from any installation safely and completely contained technically difficult but critical from a health and safety perspective. Ground water typically contains large amounts of paper and fecal solids that are introduced into the waste removal system with fairly large amounts of wastewater. Normal wastewater from sinks, bathtubs and kitchen sinks does not contain these amounts of solids at all and is not subject to rapid increases in water flow.
Groundwater also requires a soil pipe to be substantially larger than a regular wastewater pipe to accommodate the larger volumes. The average internal diameter of a domestic soil pipe is about four inches (about 10 cm) and that of a typical wastewater pipe is 1 1/2 inches (about 3.8 cm). Soil piping system fittings should also offer as few internal obstructions or snags as possible to prevent lint and paper buildup from blocking the pipes. Due to their size, soil pipe runs can present problems when toilets are not located in rooms bordering the outside walls of the building. Indoor toilets may require specialized soil pipe assemblies using smaller pipes and specially designed waste systems.
Soil pipe layouts must also meet stringent installation parameters such as adequate ventilation, proper pipe drops or slopes, and the installation of traps to prevent sewer gas from entering the building. Also, the materials of the pipes and joints must be of the correct quality. Soil water stacks that accept several soil pipes must also be designed and installed correctly to prevent soil water from accumulating and flooding toilets. The way wastewater and soil pipes enter the headers to feed into the sewer lines is also subject to severe design restrictions for the same reason.
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