A solenoid valve coil uses a wire wound around a ferromagnetic core to create a magnetic field that moves a valve plunger. It can operate on different voltages and is available in various constructions. Different configurations include tape-wrapped, encapsulated, and connector types.
A solenoid valve coil, which typically has copper or aluminum wire, is often used to generate linear motion from electricity. The coil consists of a wire wound around a cavity containing a ferromagnetic core. Configured so that the structure creates a magnetic field, the unit typically uses this magnetism to move a valve plunger. This component is often the ferromagnetic core in a valve, which can trigger it to open and close. Most of the time, a solenoid valve coil can operate on many different voltages and is often available in a variety of constructions.
Capable of operating on direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC), solenoid valve coil designs can be supplied in a variety of voltages. Some operate on up to six volts, while others are compatible with 220 or 240 volt systems. Beginners in electrical science generally benefit from low-voltage types because the chances of receiving a shock are less. Many types of 12 volt AC solenoids are suitable for hobbyists, while DC versions are often used with industrial machinery. A DC coil with positively or negatively charged wires at both terminals is usually used.
The magnetic field in a solenoid valve coil is typically reversed by changing the polarity of the electric current. In some cases, that magnetic field reverses as the valve plunger can be pulled in the same direction, if its induced polarity also reverses. This effect occurs more often when iron plungers are incorporated into the solenoid valve coil, rather than rod magnets.
Various solenoid valve coil configurations are available from manufacturers. A tape-wrapped coil typically has a coil-like component with the lead wire wrapped around it. Electrical tape is wrapped around the wire. Encapsulated coils are different in that a resin is used to cover the wire and they are generally more protected from moisture. The wires also tend to be stronger, so encapsulated varieties are often used in industrial settings.
Some types of solenoid valve coil have a connector rather than wires. Metal prongs or pins extend from the coil casing and a plug in a female configuration connects to it. Components can be replaced quickly this way, rather than repairing a solenoid valve coil, and such designs are often better insulated and protected from ingress of water. These types of coils often come in a few standard sizes, while several can be used with one valve, depending on the brand.
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