Sorcerers were early healers who used magic and potions, and were often the only physicians available in small towns and villages. They required payment and sacrifices for their services, and their role was often passed down from generation to generation.
For centuries, the term sorcerer has been used to describe someone believed to heal using magic or sorcery. Some historians argue that these early doctors and many of the potions they created probably led to modern medicine. Mentions of sorcerers are commonly found in early African literature, but in general terms, the reference could apply to early practitioners of folk medicine around the world. In various parts of the world, early physicians could be referred to as shamans, healers, or wise men or women.
In early history, especially in small towns and villages, a sorcerer was often the only physician available. They usually assisted during childbirth, tooth extractions, and medical emergencies. When their healing failed, they usually attributed the failure to the displeasure of the gods or to the patient’s unworthiness. In this way, they were able to maintain their stature even though their treatments were often unsuccessful.
To perform healing rites, the sorcerer often required payment in the form of food, weapons or other valuables. In many cases, a sacrifice to the gods was required, typically in the form of a slaughtered animal. Usually, the value of the sacrifice reflected the nature of the disease. A minor medical disorder might require the sacrifice of a small animal, such as a rabbit, while a more serious illness would typically require a larger animal, such as a lamb or deer.
Often the role of the sorcerer was passed down from generation to generation. In many villages they came exclusively from one family tree. Most generally chose their successor and typically began their education at an early age. The successor generally served as an apprentice until such time as the serving sorcerer was no longer able to perform his duties. In most cases, the sorcerer held such an important and respected position that the villagers generally cared for him until his death.
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