Sound level meters (SLMs) measure sound pressure levels in an area, important for determining if an environment is loud enough to damage hearing. SLMs measure sound in decibels (dB), with human hearing damage beginning at 90dB. SLMs are used in workplaces, stadiums, and for testing speakers. They cost less than $50, with more expensive models offering higher sensitivity and frequency measurements. Noise dosimeters and indicators are also used to track sound exposure and alert users to wear hearing protection.
A sound level meter (SLM) is an electronic device used to measure sound pressure levels in a given area. SLMs are often used to determine if an environment is noisy enough to damage a person’s hearing. This is especially important on construction sites and manufacturing plants where workers may be exposed to long-term sound exposure. Many sports stadiums and arenas also use meters to display the noise level of the crowd.
A sound level meter measures sound in units known as decibels (dB). The threshold for human hearing is 0bD. A normal conversation typically measures between 60dB and 70dB, and human hearing damage begins at a sustained level of 90dB. Hearing damage can occur before the sound becomes loud enough to be physically painful, so it’s important to use meters to check sound levels. Safe sound levels for a workplace in the United States are set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
In addition to occupational safety, a sound level meter is often used to test sound levels when installing public address system loudspeakers. This allows everyone in the crowd to hear the speaker clearly. Audio enthusiasts can also use an SLM to test speakers in a home or car stereo system.
Most SLMs are battery-powered devices about the size of a cell phone. These devices can have digital or analog displays and have large microphones. As of 2011, a basic meter generally costs less than $50 US Dollars (USD). More expensive models usually have higher sensitivity and can record more measurements for larger site surveys. These high-end models can cost several hundred dollars.
If safety isn’t the primary concern, most consumers will probably only need a basic sound level measurement. If the user needs to measure sound levels below 50dB or needs to make precise measurements, he should invest in a more expensive model. More expensive devices can also allow a user to take measurements using different sound frequencies.
Noise dosimeters are another type of sound measurement device often used in conjunction with SLMs. Similar to chemical or radiological dosimeters, a noise dosimeter tracks the amount of sound exposure a person receives while wearing the device. This can more accurately predict whether a person has been exposed to harmful sound levels. Another simple device, a noise indicator, will monitor sound and alert a user when they should wear hearing protection. The use of a sound level meter or other sound measurement device can greatly increase the long-term safety and well-being of workers in a noisy workplace.
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