A spectrum analyzer measures frequencies of electrical, audio or optical waveforms and separates and measures incoming or transmitted signals. It can be used in mechanical and electrical engineering measurements, telecommunications, and measuring the output of light emitting devices. There are two types of spectrum analyzers: analog and digital, and a hybrid analyzer combines the advantages of both. They are used in various industries for measuring sound levels and determining the alignment of microwaves and satellites.
Within certain parameters, a spectrum analyzer measures the frequencies of electrical, audio or optical waveforms. It is extremely sensitive and is particularly useful in mechanical and electrical engineering measurements. The spectrum, or spectral, analyzer separates and measures incoming or transmitted signals and sorts them according to their frequencies. Analyzing the spectral results can help determine the physical and electrical performance of the item being measured.
When used with radio frequency circuits, a spectrum analyzer can measure the noise, frequency response, signal-to-noise ratio, and distortion inherent in a radio frequency. A common industrial use of this type of analyzer is found in the telecommunications field. They are used in this area to monitor interference and determine bandwidth.
Spectrum analyzers can be used in almost any modern signaling process. Optical analyzers can be used to measure the output of light emitting devices, such as lasers or diodes. An optical spectrum analyzer can be set up to measure the light beams emitted.
A lot can be learned about electrical signals through the use of an oscilloscope; however, an oscilloscope only shows how the signal varies over time. A spectrum analyzer can measure this and provide a graphical representation of the signal’s frequency amplitude. A spectrum analyzer can make a multitude of measurements that an oscilloscope cannot measure. These include things like signal stability and output power, various distortions, and bandwidth.
It is very important to choose the correct analyzer for a given job. There are two basic types of spectrum analyzers: analog and digital. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice must be determined by the parameters of the job.
An analog analyzer can operate with higher frequencies than a digital analyzer. Some users think the digital analyzer is superior, however, because it can produce better frequency resolution. The answer may lie in what has come to be known as a hybrid analyzer. This analyzer uses a superheterodyne receiver, like an analog spectrum analyzer, to convert high frequency input to a low frequency that a digital analyzer can operate with. The digital element then produces its results using a mathematical formula called Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT).
While most people are totally unaware of it, a spectrum analyzer may very well be a part of everyday life. Both loudspeakers and recorders often use spectrum analyzers to measure performance and frequency response. They can be important in determining the alignment of microwaves and satellites. Spectrum analyzers are also found quite often in various industries for measuring sound levels.
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