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Speech slips are common and follow patterns in grammatical constructions. Errors include malapropisms, metathesis, and epenthesis. Speech errors can result from differences in tongue motion and muscle control. Dyslexia and Parkinson’s disease can cause speech pathology problems. Slips of the tongue are normal and happen to everyone.
A speech slip occurs when someone says words or sounds they don’t mean. Slips are common in everyday speech and often follow common patterns in how specific grammatical constructions are manipulated. Common types of errors include malapropisms, metathesis, or epenthesis. Usually, these are normal, but they can occur more frequently if conditions such as dyslexia or problems with eye movement or muscle control are present.
Human language has been extensively studied in real-world settings and in laboratories. The different parts of speech are more evident when a speech error occurs and is analyzed. With a malapropism, a word is spoken that is not meant to be said, but usually has a similar meaning to what the person intended to say or sounds very similar. It is also common for people to switch syllables in words or switch words within a specific sentence, which is called metathesis. An epenthesis refers to when sounds are added to the middle or end of words.
Speech errors can result from differences in the motion between the parts of the tongue and how fast they move together or in relation to each other. Most of the time, vowels will only be replaced with vowels and the same goes for consonants. Words are often replaced with others that fit into a similar grammatical context. A strong pattern seen in speech pathology is that words and sounds are displaced into each other and not taken away from an overall sentence.
Muscle movements and reaction times, as well as speech speed, have a significant influence on any speech errors that occur. The repetition of tongue and lip movements, and those of the jaw, correlates with the phonological similarities of many sounds and words. Speech errors are not random and have been studied in speech pathology to create various speech models.
When people have difficulty controlling eye movements, it can affect the way they read. Problems with head movement do too, and these lead to a form of dyslexia that can affect speech. Conditions such as Parkinson’s disease can also cause speech pathology problems. Learning disabilities and clinical problems finding words, which can result from injury, can increase the frequency of speech errors. Slips of the tongue are not usually a sign of a speech disorder related to aphasia; they happen to everyone sooner or later.
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