Formation evaluation is the process of determining the viability of a formation to produce petroleum. It involves geological assessment, exploratory drilling, coring, and other procedures to assess the value of a well for production. Component testing is standard industry practice. Mud logging, electrical logging, and porosity logging are some of the assessment tests used.
Formation evaluation is a phrase used to describe the process of determining the viability of a formation to produce petroleum and other petroleum products. The training assessment oil exploration process actually comprises several component procedures. Using geological assessments, exploratory drilling, coring and other procedures, oil drilling companies are able to assess the value of a well for production. While the various tests used in training evaluation may give biased results from time to time, component testing is considered standard industry practice.
The first step in formation assessment is geological assessment. Certain geological formations are, statistically, more likely to produce oil and other fossil fuel products. Trained geologists look for recognizable formations that are known to produce these resources. When these geological formations are noted, the next stage of formation assessment begins.
Exploratory hole drilling is used to collect soil samples, called cores, and data on subsurface formations that can produce oil. Using specialized test equipment in conjunction with the rig, data can be recovered from the hole. This data is then recorded for further evaluation.
Coring is a process of extracting soil samples from the hole. Long hollow pipes are driven into the drilling rig and then forced into the formation, thus creating an earth core. This core can then be extracted and studied for the presence of oil and other fossil fuels.
There are several types of assessment tests of logged and recorded information. Mud logging tracks the mud and drilling fluid that is kicked up from the drill rig. The contents of the cuttings, including mineral composition, are recorded to determine the presence of petroleum indicators and any obstacles to the drilling process.
Electrical logging is another form of data collection used in this exploratory drilling process. Small electrical cables are connected to the drilling equipment and lowered into the hole. Since most underground geological formations have water content, these formations are electrically conductive. Pockets of oil and gas in rock formations don’t conduct electricity the same way water does. By recording how electrical current travels through rock formation, geologists can discover hidden deposits of oil and gas.
Porosity logging is another component test in oil and gas exploration. This type of training assessment test can be measured using sound or radiation. Sonic porosity testing uses frequency-tuned sound waves to find the density of a stone formation. Nuclear porosity testing is done by emitting small amounts of radiation and then monitoring its progress in the surrounding geological formations.
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