Uterine polyps are abnormal growths that attach to the inner wall of the uterus, resulting from an overgrowth of cells. They can cause irregular periods, bleeding between periods, and vaginal bleeding after menopause. Tests such as transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy can confirm their presence, and treatment approaches depend on the recurrence and severity. Women in their 40s and 50s who are obese, have high blood pressure, or have had cervical polyps in the past have a higher risk of developing uterine polyps.
A uterine polyp, also known as an endometrial polyp, is an abnormal growth that attaches itself to the inner wall of the uterus. Resulting from an overgrowth of cells, uterine polyps can be a recurring condition that requires several treatments. At the first sign of any menstrual abnormality or pelvic discomfort, you should seek medical attention due to the risks and complications associated with uterine polyps.
Polyps that develop in the uterus come from an overgrowth of cells within the lining of the uterus. As they mature, the polyps attach themselves directly to the lining of the uterus or, in some cases, by a stem-like structure. Uterine polyps are usually small and malleable, unlike fibroids, which are made up of firm muscle and are much larger in size.
Ranging in size from that of a small seed to the size of a ping pong ball, there is no known cause for uterine polyps. It has been suggested that hormones may contribute to uterine polyp development, but a direct correlation has not been established. Increased levels of estrogen have been documented in women with uterine polyps and it has been argued that increased levels may contribute to polyp growth. Women who have taken tamoxifen, an estrogen destroyer used in the treatment of breast cancer, have an increased risk of developing uterine polyps.
It is not uncommon for women to be diagnosed with multiple polyps at the same time. The presence of a uterine polyp can cause a variety of symptoms including irregular periods, bleeding between periods, and vaginal bleeding after menopause. It is also possible for a woman to have uterine polyps without experiencing any symptoms. Medical attention should be sought at the first sign of any menstrual irregularity or pelvic discomfort.
A variety of tests can be used to confirm the presence of a uterine polyp. Transvaginal ultrasound uses sound waves introduced into the vagina through a long, thin device to create an image of the uterus, making polyps visible. In order to obtain a clearer view of the interior of the uterus, hysterosonography may be administered, which involves introducing saline solution to expand the uterine cavity. Hysteroscopy allows examination of the uterus and removal of found polyps, eliminating the need for a secondary procedure.
There are several treatment approaches for uterine polyps which depend on the recurrence and severity. An annual physical exam and Pap smear can detect the presence of a uterine polyp for women who are asymptomatic or have no symptoms. In cases where the polyps are small and there are no symptoms, a wait-and-see approach is usually taken. Smaller polyps usually go away without treatment. Larger polyps can be treated short-term with hormone medications to shrink the polyp and relieve symptoms.
Polyps of the uterus are usually benign or noncancerous, although a biopsy may be done as a precaution in persistent and recurring cases. When a biopsy is needed, a procedure called curettage is done. This procedure uses a long, thin metal instrument with a ring on the end, called a curet, to scrape the inside walls of the uterus and remove the polyp. Biopsy results that are indicative of cancer may require a hysterectomy or surgical removal of the uterus.
Women in their 40s and 50s who are obese, have high blood pressure, or have had cervical polyps in the past have a higher risk of developing uterine polyps. The risk of infertility as a result of uterine polyps is still the subject of much controversy. Uterine polyps can increase the risk of miscarriage for pregnant women who have undergone in vitro fertilization (IFV).
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