Valgus deformity is when a joint or bone segment angles outward, often found in hips, knees, and feet. It is often confused with varus deformity, which angles inward. Specific terms should be used depending on the direction of the distal segment. Different types of valgus deformity occur in various joints and bones, causing pain and difficulty moving. Surgery can help resolve these issues.
Valgus deformity is a term used in orthopedics to describe a condition in which a segment of a joint or bone is angled outward. The opposite of a valgus deformity is a varus deformity, in which a segment of a bone or joint is angled inward. The two terms, however, are often mistakenly interchanged. These types of deformities are most often found in the hips, knees and feet. When necessary, these deformities can, to some extent, be surgically repaired.
Although often interchanged, the terms valgus and varus should always refer to the specific direction the distal segment in the joint faces. The distal segment of a joint is the point furthest from the center of where the separate bones physically join. In Latin, valgas means “knock on the knees” and varus means “bowed legs”. The modern names of these deformities are derived from these Latin terms. A valgus deformity always refers to a condition where the distal point of the joint faces outward, while a varus deformity always refers to a condition where the distal point of the joint faces inward .
Genu valgum, a condition colloquially described as “knees,” is a condition in which the knees angle and, often, touch. In this condition, the femur leans inward from the hip; this is a varus deformity. In the same condition, however, the knees point outward; this is a valgus deformity. Both deformities are present in the same condition, so it is crucial to use the appropriate terms to describe them.
There are different types of valgus deformity depending on the specific joint being deformed. In the hip, these deformities are known as coxa valga. Typically, the shaft of the femur is angled outward from the femoral neck. Cubit valgus describes a deformity of the elbow and causes upturned elbows. In hallux valgus, the big toe points toward the second toe and the joint points outward, away from the foot.
Valgus deformities can occur in several other joints and bones, such as the knees and ankles. A varus deformity can occur in the same variety of joints and bones as a valgus deformity can occur. Without treatment, these deformities can put stress on other joints and bones and cause further problems. The main problems associated with a valgus deformity are pain and difficulty moving. Successful surgery can partially or completely resolve these problems.
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