A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measures magnetic properties of materials using a vibrating component that generates an electric field in a coil. The electromagnet is activated before the test, and changes in the magnetic field are analyzed to determine magnetization. The VSM includes a device for holding the sample, a control unit, and a computer with software. The machine can be calibrated and used to measure magnetism in relation to temperature, angle, and time. Different types of electromagnets and coils can be integrated for different materials and magnetic field strengths.
A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) is a laboratory instrument for measuring the magnetic properties of a material. The vibrating component causes a change in the sample’s magnetic field, which generates an electric field in a coil based on Faraday’s law of induction. By measuring the electrical output, which is amplified in the VSM, a researcher can determine the properties of the material to be tested. The vibrating sample magnetometer also includes a device for holding the sample at the desired angle, a vibrating element, a control unit and a meter. There is also a water supply and a computer with software to collect and analyze data.
An electromagnet and power supply are also included in a vibrating sample magnetometer. The magnet is activated before the test begins, so if the sample is magnetic, it will become more magnetic the stronger the field produced. A magnetic field appears around the material, and once the vibration has begun, the field can be analyzed as changes occur in relation to the timing of the motion. The degree of magnetization is determined by software using the field strength, the vibration speed of the sample, data from a probe that measures the magnetism of the sample, and the magnetic field value as a result of the vibration. The changes in the signal are converted into values by the software to graph magnetization versus magnetic field strength, often referred to as a hysteresis curve.
To operate a vibrating specimen magnetometer, the specimen is mounted on a rod and rubber cement is used to secure it. The various components of the system must be powered up in the correct sequence, starting with the water supply, power supply, amplifier and then the control system. Once the amplifier, electricity meter and computer are activated, you can load the software and calibrate the machine before taking the measurement. The functions of the vibrating sample magnetometer when in operation are controlled via the software interface, which also displays the values while the sample is being tested.
There are variations of the components according to the use of the vibrating sample magnetometer. In a laboratory it is possible to integrate different types of electromagnets and superconducting coils of variable strength depending on the materials tested and the strength of the magnetic field required. Operators can also use the machine to measure magnetism in relation to temperature and angle in addition to time.
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