Water filtration plants purify water by removing chemicals, hazardous materials, and toxic substances. Groundwater, lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and air are all sources of water that require filtration. The process includes pretreatment, pH adjustment, flocculation, settling, and filtration to remove sediment. Without these plants, drinking water would not be safe for human consumption.
A water filtration plant is a structure that works to filter and purify water by removing chemicals, hazardous materials, and toxic substances from a water source. Most plants of this type filter drinking water suitable for human consumption, although other types of water can be filtered within a water filtration plant.
Ground water is the most common type of filtered water in a water filtration plant. Water that comes from underground includes springs, artesian springs, and water that is drawn from wells. While this type of water is naturally filtered by various layers of soil and rock, it requires further filtration before it can be consumed by humans.
Water can also come from lakes and reservoirs. As with groundwater, lake and reservoir water must be filtered to remove bacteria, protozoa and algae. Additionally, many lake and reservoir waters have a low pH, which must be adjusted before this water can be considered potable water. Some water filtration plants process water from rivers, canals, and low-lying bodies of water. Water that comes from these sources tends to include a large amount of bacteria, algae, and other dissolved components. In addition to all these natural water resources, water can also come from the air.
A new process called atmospheric water generation extracts water directly from the air. To create water from the air, the moisture collected from the air must be cooled to create drinking water. While this type of filtration is relatively new, it proves to be a great way to collect drinking water.
Rainwater and seawater can also be turned into drinking water within a water filtration plant. Nearly all water filtration plants use the same processes to treat and purify water, although some steps may vary from plant to plant. Pretreatment is usually the first stage of water purification and includes pumping, screening, storage and conditioning of the water.
After pretreatment, all water must go through a period of pH adjustment to adjust for any out-of-balance pH levels. Next, the water is passed through a flocculation process, which includes the addition of aluminum, iron and polymer hydroxide. This stage is followed by the settling stage, which allows any sediment within the water to settle to the bottom of a large tank. Once the sediments have settled, the clear water is then collected.
Finally, the water is filtered to remove any residual sediment. All these steps take place regularly within a water filtration plant. Without these plants, drinking water would not be safe for human consumption. Each country may have a different water filtration system, although nearly all water follows the steps listed above.
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