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Water joints are used to join water pipes and equipment while maintaining the integrity of the piping loop. Joints can be permanent or removable, rigid or flexible, and must withstand the same pressure as the rest of the pipe without leaks or mechanical failures. Different types of joints are used based on factors such as pipe size, material, and system pressure. Permanent joints include soldered, brazed, and welded joints, while removable joints include flanged, compression, and plain sleeve joints. All joints must be watertight and able to carry system pressure without leaks or contamination.
A water joint is any device or procedure used to facilitate the joining of water pipes or the inclusion of ancillary equipment while preserving the integrity and continuity of the piping loop. Water pipe joints can be permanent or removable depending on the application and the type of pipe involved. These joints can be rigid or flexible or even include bellows-type expansion elements to provide increases in water pressure. Watertight joints may include no external parts and rely only on welding, brazing or welding of the pipes or fittings or consist of separate joint elements. The water joints should be able to withstand the same pressure as the rest of the pipe loop without leaks or mechanical failures.
Water piping systems typically consist of many separate sections of piping and numerous pieces of ancillary equipment such as valves, pressure compensating bellows, flow meters, backflow protectors, and access port fittings. The average water pipe installation also frequently changes direction or elevation and will have many branches, splits, or extensions along its path. All of these diversions and additions require a watertight joint between different sections of pipes, fittings and external equipment. The type of joint used depends on a number of factors. These include pipe size, pipe material, system pressure, and whether or not the joint or fitting will require periodic removal or maintenance.
There are several distinct types of watertight joints, each with their own benefits and particular area of application. The two main classifications of water pipe joints are permanent and removable. Permanent water joints include soldered, brazed and welded joints and are typically used on smaller copper water pipes and very large steel distribution networks. The water weld joint on large network pipes is typically part of a prefabricated pipe run system and is typically fabricated off site prior to installation. Steel water pipes can, however, be welded in situ to make repairs or system additions.
Smaller local copper pipe systems are often joined by brazing or welding the pipes and fittings. When done correctly, a welded, brazed, or brazed water joint is often the strongest and most durable of all joints. Removable joints typically consist of a two-part flange, shell, and compression fitting. A flanged fluid coupling consists of two similar discs that are placed at the ends of the pipes to be joined. A filler element is introduced between the two and they are bolted together. This pulls the two flanges tightly against each other, thus forming a watertight joint.
Compression and shell couplings are usually two-part fittings with internal compression seals. One half is located on each end of the tube and they are screwed together, thus compressing the sealing element and forming a watertight joint. This type of joint is quick to replace in case of wear or damage to the seals and allows easy extension of the piping loop or insertion of other fittings. Single element plain sleeve joints are also often used on steel pipe and consist of a simple threaded sleeve sealed with hemp twine or PTFE tape. The most important distinguishing feature of all water couplings is their ability to carry system pressure without leaking or allowing the ingress of contaminants and air.
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