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Absolute liability is a form of liability imposed regardless of fault, where the person is liable to pay damages and is held accountable for injuries or events. It applies to employers, pet owners, manufacturers, and those performing notoriously harmful activities. Liability law can be complex, and judges must determine the standard of liability to apply in each case.
Absolute liability, also known as strict liability, is a form of liability imposed regardless of fault. If someone is found to have absolute legal liability, that person is liable to pay damages and is otherwise liable for injuries or events, even if that person is not personally liable. There are several settings where this particular liability standard can be applied for legal reasons.
In some regions, employers bear absolute responsibility for the actions of their employees. If an employee does something that results in loss, damage, or injury, the employer is held liable even if the employer was unaware of the situation. Another example of this type of liability occurs with people who own pets and livestock. If animals cause injury, their owners are held liable because the animals are considered inherently dangerous. Even if an animal has no history of violence that would have led the owner to take precautions, the owner is held liable for harm caused by the animal.
Absolute liability also applies to the Product Liability Act. Manufacturers are liable for their defective products even if they are unaware of the defects. This rule justifies immediate recalls of known defective products, as well as offers of compensation to people injured by defective products. When companies are sued for injury caused by their products, their defense in such actions can be based on arguments about normal and reasonable use of the product as they cannot defend themselves by trying to claim they were unaware of a defect.
Even the performance of notoriously harmful activities is grounds for absolute liability. Thus, manufacturing and many other activities can trigger this type of liability. If an activity is known to be dangerous and people do it out of desire or necessity, they will be held accountable for the results. This contrasts with situations where an activity is not considered dangerous under normal conditions and an accident occurs resulting in injury. In these cases, negligence should be proven to establish liability.
Liability law can be complex. When cases involving liability come to court, one of the things that needs to be determined is what standard of liability to apply to the case. The judge must look at the facts of the case, along with established case law and other references when deciding how to assess liability in the situation. For parties seeking to absolve liability, there is a strong incentive to try to argue that absolute liability does not apply.
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