Acrocyanosis, or pernio, is a painful condition caused by reduced circulation due to exposure to extreme temperatures. It can lead to skin infections and tissue ulcerations. Treatment involves topical medications and, in severe cases, blood pressure-lowering medications. Lesions and wounds should be kept clean to prevent infection.
Acrocyanosis, also known as pernio or chilblains, is a painful condition of the small blood vessels that results from reduced circulation. Induced by exposure to extreme temperature changes, acrocyanosis can increase the chances of developing skin infections and tissue ulcerations. Treatment for acrocyanosis generally involves topical medications and, in some cases, medications prescribed to ease the presentation of symptoms.
Individuals who develop acrocyanosis generally experience an atypical physiological reaction to cold temperatures. When individuals with pernio heat their cold skin too quickly, the small blood vessels in the affected area expand rapidly, leading to a rush of blood to the surrounding vessels and tissues. In addition to its hallmark symptoms, the excess blood supply can also contribute to the development of blisters that ulcerate and rupture, increasing the chances of infection and developing complications.
In addition to cold temperatures, there are a variety of other factors that can contribute to the onset of pernio symptoms. Regular exposure to humid conditions can also trigger the development of symptoms in some individuals. Individuals with poor circulation and low body weight may have a higher risk of developing this circulatory condition. Tight-fitting clothing and shoes may also contribute to symptom presentation due to the negative effect these items can have on affected extremities, such as legs and feet.
When individuals develop pronounced and severe symptoms of acrocyanosis, it may be necessary to visit the family doctor. If the blistered tissue becomes infected or looks abnormal, you should see a doctor to prevent the condition from worsening. Even persistent symptoms that don’t subside in a reasonable amount of time should be reported to a doctor to prevent the possibility of complications. Individuals with existing conditions that can negatively affect their circulation, including diabetes, should see a doctor about any skin abnormalities or slow-healing lesions.
Symptomatic individuals will generally develop telltale signs of acrocyanosis. More frequently, excessive circulation will induce itchy, inflamed patches in the affected area. Usually affecting the hands, feet and respective fingers of each, the pernio can cause localized swelling and burning or tingling sensations. Affected areas may also show discoloration, usually a bluish or purple hue.
Most cases of acrocyanosis can be treated with over-the-counter (OTC) topical medications to relieve discomfort caused by itching and inflammation, such as corticosteroid lotions and creams. Individuals with moderate to severe cases of acrocyanosis may be prescribed blood pressure-lowering medications, which can help with blood vessel expansion. Regardless of the severity of symptoms, lesions and open wounds should be kept clean and covered to prevent infection.
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