Acute edema causes sudden swelling in various parts of the body and can be caused by heart, kidney, or liver problems. Ankle swelling can be a sign of congestive heart failure, kidney disease, or circulation problems. Diagnosis may require blood tests and medical imaging, and treatment may include diuretics or surgery.
Acute edema is characterized by the sudden onset of swelling in the face, extremities, or abdominal area. This condition can be caused by heart or kidney problems, as well as liver failure. Pulmonary edema, which refers to a buildup of fluid in the lungs, causing shortness of breath, high blood pressure, chest pain, and coughing, can also lead to respiratory failure. When the cause of acute edema cannot be determined, the condition is called idiopathic edema.
Ankle swelling is another manifestation of acute edema. It can be caused by standing or sitting for long periods of time, excessive sodium intake, and fluid retention. Ankle swelling can also be a sign of congestive heart failure, kidney disease, and circulation problems. When ankle swelling occurs, the individual needs to see his or her doctor to determine the cause. When the underlying cause is diagnosed and treated, acute ankle edema is usually relieved.
Diagnosing cases of edema may require blood tests and medical imaging. Common blood tests used to determine the cause of acute edema include chemistry profiles, which can evaluate kidney and liver function, as well as determine the amount of sodium, potassium, and magnesium in the bloodstream. Additionally, abnormal levels of these electrolytes can contribute to edema in the ankles and other parts of the body. Medical imaging diagnostic tests include ultrasounds, MRIs, and CT scans.
Treatment for edema may include diuretics, also known as water pills. These drugs allow the body to expel excess fluids from organs and tissues, relieving swelling in the feet, ankles, hands and face. In addition, intravenous diuretics may be needed in the treatment of pulmonary edema or in cases of congestive heart failure to rapidly relieve symptoms. The most common symptoms of congestive heart failure include edema, shortness of breath, cough and weakness. Without prompt treatment, the patient may be at high risk for heart attack, stroke, or multiple organ failure.
Sometimes, people who have cirrhosis of the liver may experience edema of the abdomen, known as ascites. Although diuretic drugs can be effective in eliminating excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity or abdomen, severe cases may require surgery. A procedure that places tubes in the abdomen can help drain the fluid, making it easier for the patient to breathe and feel more comfortable.
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