Adenocarcinoma in situ is a precancerous condition affecting glandular cells in the cervix, often caused by HPV. It is more aggressive than other forms of cervical cancer but can be treated with various options, including freezing or scraping, hysterectomy, and chemotherapy. Annual pap smears can detect it early.
Adenocarcinoma in situ refers to precancerous cells, usually found on the female cervix. They typically affect glandular cells and are a precursor to adenocarcinoma. This form of cervical cancer is more aggressive than others. When found in situ, or only in its original location, it is much more easily treated. The condition is often discovered during a routine pap smear exam.
Patients with adenocarcinoma in situ can be provided with various treatment options. Precancerous cells can be frozen or scraped from the surface of the cervix, although this is not always effective with this form of the disease. A partial or total hysterectomy may be necessary when the cells appear to be spreading rapidly, as this could indicate a more aggressive form of the disease. Women of childbearing age may be able to receive other treatments, although these are not always as effective and may allow cancer cells to grow back.
When adenocarcinoma in situ is in its early stages, aggressive therapy may not be needed. Each patient is diagnosed and treated individually. After treatment, frequent Pap tests may be needed to rule out regrowth. Additional treatment may be needed for those whose tumors have returned. Treatments may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and total hysterectomy if not done at the time of diagnosis.
Many forms of adenocarcinoma in situ are caused by a particular strain of human papillomavirus (HPV). This is a sexually transmitted viral infection, similar to the strain that causes genital herpes. Most women who carry HPV have no symptoms, but it is a leading cause of cervical cancer. It can be prevented by practicing safe sex or engaging in sexual activity with a monogamous, uninfected partner.
Cervical cancer, including adenocarcinoma in situ, can often be detected early through annual pap smears. This is an exam that involves inserting a small cotton swab into your cervix to collect a tissue sample. The tissue is examined and tested for cervical cancer and other abnormalities. It is recommended that most women start these tests every year after they turn 18 or as soon as they become sexually active. Once a woman has had three consecutive normal Pap smear results, she may be able to start testing once every three years rather than annually.
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